Question

chapter 8 vocabulary exam
answer
choice
letter only\tterm\tdefinition
a\tactive transport\ta. solution with lower solute concentration outside
the cell, causing water to enter.
f\tendocytosis\tb. group of similar cells performing a specific
function.
d\texocytosis\tc. uncoiled dna and proteins found in the nucleus
during interphase.
e\tfacilitated diffusion\td. process of taking material into the cell by forming
a vesicle.
\thypertonic solution\te. division of the cytoplasm following mitosis.
\thypotonic solution\tf. identical copy of a chromosome attached at the
centromere.
\tisotonic solution\tg. segment of dna that codes for a protein or trait.
x\tosmosis\th. group of organs working together for a common
function.
j\tpassive transport\ti. process of nuclear division producing two identical
nuclei.
s\tanaphase\tj. solution with equal solute concentration inside
and outside the cell.
l\tcell cycle\tk. structure of microtubules that moves
chromosomes during mitosis
q\tcentriole\tl. sequence of events in a cell’s life, including
growth and division.
k\tcentromere\tm. solution with higher solute concentration outside
the cell, causing water to leave.
c\tchromatin\tn. stage of mitosis where nuclear envelope reforms
and chromosomes uncoil.
p\tchromosomes\to. movement of molecules across a membrane
using energy.
o\tcytokinesis\tp. group of tissues working together for a specific
function.
u\tinterphase\tq. stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate
and move to opposite poles
w\tmetaphase\tr. condensed dna visible during cell division.
\tmitosis\ts. phase where the cell grows and dna replicates.
t\torgan\tt. stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up at
the cell’s equator.

Explanation:

Match each biology term to its correct definition by identifying the core meaning of each term:

1. Active transport: Membrane transport requiring energy.
2. Endocytosis: Process of bringing material into the cell via a vesicle.
3. Exocytosis: Process of releasing material out of the cell via a vesicle (matches the remaining transport definition using energy/vesicle logic, corrected from original error).
4. Facilitated diffusion: Passive membrane transport (matches the general passive transport definition).
5. Hypertonic solution: Higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to leave.
6. Hypotonic solution: Lower solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to enter.
7. Isotonic solution: Equal solute concentration inside/outside the cell.
8. Osmosis: Passive water movement across a membrane (falls under passive transport's umbrella definition).
9. Passive Transport: Membrane movement without energy (general category for osmosis/facilitated diffusion).
10. Anaphase: Mitosis stage where sister chromatids separate and move to poles.
11. Cell Cycle: Sequence of events in a cell's life (growth + division).
12. Centriole: Microtubule structure that moves chromosomes in mitosis.
13. Centromere: Structure that attaches identical chromosome copies (sister chromatids).
14. Chromatin: Uncoiled DNA + proteins in the nucleus during interphase.
15. Chromosomes: Condensed DNA visible during cell division.
16. Cytokinesis: Cytoplasm division after mitosis.
17. Interphase: Cell growth and DNA replication phase.
18. Metaphase: Mitosis stage where chromosomes line up at the cell's equator.
19. Mitosis: Nuclear division producing two identical nuclei.
20. Organ: Group of tissues working together for a specific function.

Answer:

1. Active transport - O
2. Endocytosis - D
3. Exocytosis - (Note: No direct remaining definition, but if correcting the exam's likely error, it aligns with the energy-dependent transport logic; based on available options, the intended match is consistent with vesicle export)
4. Facilitated diffusion - (Falls under Passive Transport, I)
5. Hypertonic solution - M
6. Hypotonic solution - A
7. Isotonic solution - K
8. Osmosis - (Falls under Passive Transport, I)
9. Passive Transport - I
10. Anaphase - Q
11. Cell Cycle - L
12. Centriole - K (corrected from original error)
13. Centromere - F
14. Chromatin - C
15. Chromosomes - R
16. Cytokinesis - E
17. Interphase - S
18. Metaphase - T
19. Mitosis - J
20. Organ - P

Corrected full matching (fixing all original errors):

• Active transport: O
• Endocytosis: D
• Exocytosis: (No direct match, but intended as energy-dependent export; if we assume a typo, it would align with O, but O is active transport. The correct unique matches are as above)
• Facilitated diffusion: I
• Hypertonic solution: M
• Hypotonic solution: A
• Isotonic solution: K
• Osmosis: I
• Passive Transport: I
• Anaphase: Q
• Cell Cycle: L
• Centriole: K
• Centromere: F
• Chromatin: C
• Chromosomes: R
• Cytokinesis: E
• Interphase: S
• Metaphase: T
• Mitosis: J
• Organ: P

(Note: Some definitions are general categories covering multiple terms, e.g., Passive Transport covers Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion)