Question

claim: standardized tests should be a graduation requirement for all students. which counterclaim directly responds to this claim? a. schools are currently unable to adequately prepare students to attend college. b. the school day should be extended by one hour so students can have more instructional time. c. standardized testing has lowered graduation rates among students in lower - income schools. d. students who are required to wear uniforms are twice as likely to graduate.

Explanation:

A counterclaim directly addresses the original claim by presenting an opposing or critical point related to standardized tests as a graduation requirement. Option C directly challenges the claim by highlighting a negative consequence of using standardized tests as a graduation requirement, specifically harm to lower-income school students' graduation rates. Other options are unrelated to the core claim about standardized tests as a graduation requirement.

Answer:

C. Standardized testing has lowered graduation rates among students in lower-income schools.