Question

complete the following:

1. for each of the ions listed, identify the total number of electrons for each
2. al⁺³
3. fe⁺³
4. mg⁺²
5. sn⁺²
6. co⁺²
7. co⁺³
8. li⁺¹
9. cr⁺³
10. rb⁺¹
11. pt⁺²
12. for each of the following ions, indicate the total number of protons and electrons in the ion.

ion	number of protons	number of electrons
co⁺²
co⁺³
cl⁻¹
k⁺¹
s⁻²
sr⁺²
al⁺³
p⁻³

1. here are three isotopes of an element: ₆¹²c ₆¹³c ₆¹⁴c

a. the element is:
b. the number 6 refers to the
c. the numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the
d. how many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope?
e. how many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope?
f. how many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope?

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic number and ion - electron relationship

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons. For a cation (positively - charged ion), the number of electrons is the atomic number minus the charge. For an anion (negatively - charged ion), the number of electrons is the atomic number plus the charge.

Step2: Find electrons for $Al^{+3}$

Aluminum (Al) has an atomic number of 13. For $Al^{+3}$, the number of electrons is $13 - 3=10$.

Step3: Find electrons for $Fe^{+3}$

Iron (Fe) has an atomic number of 26. For $Fe^{+3}$, the number of electrons is $26 - 3 = 23$.

Step4: Find electrons for $Mg^{+2}$

Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12. For $Mg^{+2}$, the number of electrons is $12-2 = 10$.

Step5: Find electrons for $Sn^{+2}$

Tin (Sn) has an atomic number of 50. For $Sn^{+2}$, the number of electrons is $50 - 2=48$.

Step6: Find electrons for $Co^{+2}$

Cobalt (Co) has an atomic number of 27. For $Co^{+2}$, the number of electrons is $27 - 2 = 25$.

Step7: Find electrons for $Co^{+3}$

For $Co^{+3}$, the number of electrons is $27-3 = 24$.

Step8: Find electrons for $Li^{+1}$

Lithium (Li) has an atomic number of 3. For $Li^{+1}$, the number of electrons is $3 - 1=2$.

Step9: Find electrons for $Cr^{+3}$

Chromium (Cr) has an atomic number of 24. For $Cr^{+3}$, the number of electrons is $24 - 3 = 21$.

Step10: Find electrons for $Rb^{+1}$

Rubidium (Rb) has an atomic number of 37. For $Rb^{+1}$, the number of electrons is $37 - 1 = 36$.

Step11: Find electrons for $Pt^{+2}$

Platinum (Pt) has an atomic number of 78. For $Pt^{+2}$, the number of electrons is $78 - 2=76$.

For the second - part table:

Ion	Number of Protons	Number of Electrons
$Co^{+3}$	27	24
$Cl^{-1}$	17	18
$K^{+1}$	19	18
$S^{-2}$	16	18
$Sr^{+2}$	38	36
$Al^{+3}$	13	10
$P^{-3}$	15	18

For the third - part:
a. The element is carbon (C).
b. The number 6 refers to the atomic number.
c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the mass numbers.
d. For $_{6}^{12}C$, number of protons = 6, number of neutrons=$12 - 6=6$.
e. For $_{6}^{13}C$, number of protons = 6, number of neutrons=$13 - 6 = 7$.
f. For $_{6}^{14}C$, number of protons = 6, number of neutrons=$14 - 6=8$.

Answer:

1.

1. 10
2. 23
3. 10
4. 48
5. 25
6. 24
7. 2
8. 21
9. 36
10. 76

2.

Ion	Number of Protons	Number of Electrons
$Co^{+3}$	27	24
$Cl^{-1}$	17	18
$K^{+1}$	19	18
$S^{-2}$	16	18
$Sr^{+2}$	38	36
$Al^{+3}$	13	10
$P^{-3}$	15	18

3.
a. Carbon (C)
b. Atomic number
c. Mass numbers
d. Protons: 6, Neutrons: 6
e. Protons: 6, Neutrons: 7
f. Protons: 6, Neutrons: 8