Question

covalent bond formation depends on the ability of atoms to
donate electrons to other atoms.
share electrons with ions.
capture electrons from gases.
share electrons with other atoms.
receive electrons from other atoms.

Explanation:

To determine the correct option, we recall the definition of a covalent bond. A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons with each other. Donating electrons (ionic bonding often involves donation/acceptance), sharing with ions is incorrect (ions are charged, covalent is between atoms), capturing from gases is not related, and receiving electrons is more ionic. So the correct concept is sharing electrons with other atoms.

Answer:

D. share electrons with other atoms (assuming the options are labeled A - E with D being "share electrons with other atoms")