damaging the president’s chances. but long never got that opportunity. for years he had ruled louisiana as if he owned the state, wresting control of nearly every facet of governance from local and other state officials. on his way to achieving this dominance, he made many enemies. in 1935, a political enemy assassinated long, ending the most serious threat to roosevelt’s presidency. identify main ideas why were many conservatives opposed to new deal programs? assessment 1. generate explanations explain why herbert hoover had no chance of winning reelection in 1932. 2. compare and contrast the political philosophies of herbert hoover and franklin d. roosevelt regarding economic relief during the great depression. 3. draw conclusions explain how changing power structures in europe influenced u.s. politics during the great depression. 4. compare points of view explain why the tennessee valley authority received support from some americans and criticism from others. 5. identify central ideas discuss the significance of the hundred days.

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
1.  Hoover's failure to address the Great Depression effectively, relying on voluntary business cooperation and limited government intervention, left millions unemployed and in poverty, eroding public trust.
2.  His handling of the Bonus Army protest (using military force against unemployed veterans) damaged his public image severely.
3.  Franklin D. Roosevelt offered a hopeful, proactive alternative with his New Deal platform, which resonated far more with voters suffering from the economic crisis.
# Answer:
Herbert Hoover had no chance of winning reelection in 1932 because:
1.  His limited, voluntary-focused response to the Great Depression failed to alleviate widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic collapse, leaving the public disillusioned.
2.  His decision to use military force to disperse the Bonus Army (unemployed World War I veterans demanding promised payments) created a widespread perception of him as insensitive to struggling Americans.
3.  Franklin D. Roosevelt campaigned on a bold, proactive New Deal platform that promised direct government intervention to address the crisis, which was far more appealing to voters desperate for change.

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### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
- **Herbert Hoover**: Advocated for limited government intervention, believing in "rugged individualism," voluntary cooperation between businesses and charities, and balancing the federal budget. He thought economic recovery would come from private sector initiative, not federal relief programs.
- **Franklin D. Roosevelt**: Supported active, expansive government intervention. His New Deal used federal spending, regulatory agencies, and direct relief programs (like the WPA, AAA) to stimulate the economy, create jobs, and support vulnerable Americans, prioritizing economic recovery over immediate budget balance.
# Answer:
| Herbert Hoover | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|----------------|------------------------|
| Believed in "rugged individualism" and limited federal intervention | Advocated for active, expansive government intervention to address the crisis |
| Relied on voluntary business cooperation and private charities for relief | Implemented direct federal relief, job creation programs, and economic regulation (the New Deal) |
| Prioritized balancing the federal budget, avoiding deficit spending | Accepted deficit spending to fund programs that stimulated economic recovery |
| Argued recovery would come from private sector initiative | Held that the federal government had a responsibility to support struggling Americans and stabilize the economy |

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### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
1.  The rise of totalitarian regimes (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, Stalinist USSR) in Europe made American voters prioritize economic stability and strong leadership, creating support for FDR's expansive government New Deal as a bulwark against extremism.
2.  European economic collapse reduced demand for American exports, worsening the Great Depression and increasing pressure on the U.S. government to implement domestic relief programs.
3.  The failure of European capitalist systems in the crisis undermined American conservative arguments against government intervention, making FDR's interventionist policies more politically acceptable.
# Answer:
Changing power structures in Europe influenced U.S. politics during the Great Depression in three key ways:
1.  The rise of totalitarian fascist and communist regimes created fear of political extremism in the U.S., leading many voters to support Franklin D. Roosevelt's strong, interventionist government as a way to maintain stability and prevent similar unrest.
2.  The collapse of European economies drastically reduced demand for American exports, deepening the U.S. economic crisis and increasing public pressure for federal relief and recovery programs.
3.  The failure of unregulated capitalism in Europe discredited conservative arguments against government intervention, making the public more receptive to Roosevelt's New Deal policies.

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### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
- **Support**: The TVA brought electricity, flood control, and economic development to the impoverished Tennessee Valley, creating jobs and modernizing rural communities that had been neglected. It was seen as a successful model of government-led regional development.
- **Criticism**: Conservatives viewed it as overreach by the federal government, arguing it competed with private power companies and violated free-market principles. Some critics also accused it of government waste and excessive bureaucracy.
# Answer:
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) received mixed reactions:
- **Support**: It was praised for bringing affordable electricity, flood control, irrigation, and job opportunities to the deeply impoverished Tennessee Valley, modernizing rural communities and stimulating regional economic growth that private industry had failed to provide.
- **Criticism**: Conservatives and private power companies criticized it as an overreach of federal government power, arguing it unfairly competed with private businesses, violated free-market principles, and represented unnecessary government spending and bureaucracy.

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### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The Hundred Days (March-June 1933) was the first 100 days of FDR's presidency, during which Congress passed an unprecedented number of New Deal bills. It established the foundation of FDR's interventionist response to the Great Depression, restored public confidence, and expanded the federal government's role in the economy.
# Answer:
The Hundred Days (March to June 1933) was highly significant because:
1.  It marked the start of Franklin D. Roosevelt's aggressive New Deal response to the Great Depression, with Congress passing over 15 major pieces of legislation in just 100 days.
2.  These laws created key programs to stabilize banks (Emergency Banking Act), provide farm relief (Agricultural Adjustment Act), create jobs (Civilian Conservation Corps), and regulate industry (National Industrial Recovery Act), laying the framework for federal intervention in the economy.
3.  It restored public confidence in the government and the economy, reversing the sense of hopelessness that had defined the early years of the Depression, and established a new expectation that the federal government would take active steps to address national crises.

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### Question (Left Side): Why were many conservatives opposed to New Deal programs?
# Brief Explanations:
Conservatives opposed the New Deal because they viewed it as an overexpansion of federal government power, a violation of free-market principles, and a threat to individual liberty. They argued deficit spending, regulatory agencies, and relief programs undermined private enterprise and created a "nanny state."
# Answer:
Many conservatives opposed New Deal programs for these key reasons:
1.  They viewed the expansive federal intervention as a violation of states' rights and individual "rugged individualism," arguing the government was overstepping its constitutional bounds.
2.  They criticized New Deal regulatory agencies and programs (like the NRA) as unfair interference with free-market capitalism, claiming they stifled private business initiative and growth.
3.  They opposed deficit spending to fund relief and recovery programs, arguing it would lead to national debt and economic instability.
4.  Some saw programs like direct cash relief as enabling dependency, rather than encouraging individual self-sufficiency.

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