Question

element
valence\tmetal
nonmetal\tneutral atom
(drawing)\tgain
lose\tion
(drawing)\tanion
cation
as\t\t\t\t\t
mg\t\t\t\t\t
in\t\t\t\t\t
n\t\t\t\t\t
kr\t\t\t\t\t
be\t\t\t\t\t
ca\t\t\t\t\t
br\t\t\t\t\t
k\t\t\t\t\t
i\t\t\t\t\t
sr\t\t\t\t\t

Answer:

To solve this problem, we analyze each element based on its properties (metal/nonmetal, valence, electron gain/loss, ion type, and Lewis dot structures for neutral atoms and ions). Here's the breakdown for each element:

1. Arsenic (As)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Nonmetal (metalloid, but behaves as nonmetal in ion formation).
• Valence: Group 15, valence electrons = 5.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 5 valence electrons (e.g., $\dot{\text{As}}\dot{}$ with 3 lone pairs and 2 unpaired, or standard Lewis dot: $\text{As:}$ with 3 lone pairs and 2 bonding electrons, but typically drawn as 5 dots around As).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Gains 3 electrons (to achieve octet, $8 - 5 = 3$).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{As}^{3-}$ (8 valence electrons, 3 extra; Lewis dot: $[:\text{As}:]^{3-}$).
• Anion/Cation: Anion (gains electrons).

2. Magnesium (Mg)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal.
• Valence: Group 2, valence electrons = 2.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 2 valence electrons (e.g., $\text{Mg}\cdot\cdot$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 2 electrons (to achieve octet, $2 - 2 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{Mg}^{2+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

3. Indium (In)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal (Group 13, post-transition metal).
• Valence: Group 13, valence electrons = 3.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 3 valence electrons (e.g., $\dot{\text{In}}\dot{}\dot{}$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 3 electrons (to achieve octet, $3 - 3 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{In}^{3+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{In}^{3+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

4. Nitrogen (N)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Nonmetal.
• Valence: Group 15, valence electrons = 5.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 5 valence electrons (e.g., $\text{N:}$ with 3 lone pairs and 2 bonding electrons, or $\dot{\text{N}}\dot{}$ with 3 lone pairs and 2 unpaired).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Gains 3 electrons (to achieve octet, $8 - 5 = 3$).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{N}^{3-}$ (8 valence electrons; Lewis dot: $[:\text{N}:]^{3-}$).
• Anion/Cation: Anion (gains electrons).

5. Krypton (Kr)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Nonmetal (noble gas).
• Valence: Group 18, valence electrons = 8 (stable octet).
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 8 valence electrons (e.g., $[:\text{Kr}:]$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Neither (already stable).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): No ion (stable as neutral atom).
• Anion/Cation: Neither (noble gas, no ion formation).

6. Beryllium (Be)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal.
• Valence: Group 2, valence electrons = 2.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 2 valence electrons (e.g., $\text{Be}\cdot\cdot$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 2 electrons (to achieve octet, $2 - 2 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{Be}^{2+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{Be}^{2+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

7. Calcium (Ca)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal.
• Valence: Group 2, valence electrons = 2.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 2 valence electrons (e.g., $\text{Ca}\cdot\cdot$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 2 electrons (to achieve octet, $2 - 2 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{Ca}^{2+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

8. Bromine (Br)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Nonmetal.
• Valence: Group 17, valence electrons = 7.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 7 valence electrons (e.g., $\dot{\text{Br}}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}$ with 3 lone pairs and 1 unpaired).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Gains 1 electron (to achieve octet, $8 - 7 = 1$).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{Br}^{-}$ (8 valence electrons; Lewis dot: $[:\text{Br}:]^{-}$).
• Anion/Cation: Anion (gains electrons).

9. Potassium (K)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal.
• Valence: Group 1, valence electrons = 1.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 1 valence electron (e.g., $\text{K}\cdot$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 1 electron (to achieve octet, $1 - 1 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{K}^{+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{K}^{+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

10. Iodine (I)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Nonmetal.
• Valence: Group 17, valence electrons = 7.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 7 valence electrons (e.g., $\dot{\text{I}}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}$ with 3 lone pairs and 1 unpaired).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Gains 1 electron (to achieve octet, $8 - 7 = 1$).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{I}^{-}$ (8 valence electrons; Lewis dot: $[:\text{I}:]^{-}$).
• Anion/Cation: Anion (gains electrons).

11. Strontium (Sr)

• Metal/Nonmetal: Metal.
• Valence: Group 2, valence electrons = 2.
• Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot): 2 valence electrons (e.g., $\text{Sr}\cdot\cdot$).
• Gain/Lose Electrons: Loses 2 electrons (to achieve octet, $2 - 2 = 0$ for octet in next shell).
• Ion (Lewis Dot): $\text{Sr}^{2+}$ (no valence electrons; Lewis dot: $\text{Sr}^{2+}$).
• Anion/Cation: Cation (loses electrons).

Filled Table (Summary)

Element	Metal/Nonmetal	Valence	Neutral Atom (Lewis Dot)	Gain/Lose Electrons	Ion (Lewis Dot)	Anion/Cation
Mg	Metal	2	$\text{Mg}\cdot\cdot$	Loses 2	$\text{Mg}^{2+}$	Cation
In	Metal	3	$\dot{\text{In}}\dot{}\dot{}$	Loses 3	$\text{In}^{3+}$	Cation
N	Nonmetal	5	$\text{N:}$ (5 dots)	Gains 3	$[:\text{N}:]^{3-}$	Anion
Kr	Nonmetal	8	$[:\text{Kr}:]$	Neither	None	Neither
Be	Metal	2	$\text{Be}\cdot\cdot$	Loses 2	$\text{Be}^{2+}$	Cation
Ca	Metal	2	$\text{Ca}\cdot\cdot$	Loses 2	$\text{Ca}^{2+}$	Cation
Br	Nonmetal	7	$\dot{\text{Br}}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}$	Gains 1	$[:\text{Br}:]^{-}$	Anion
K	Metal	1	$\text{K}\cdot$	Loses 1	$\text{K}^{+}$	Cation
I	Nonmetal	7	$\dot{\text{I}}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}\dot{}$	Gains 1	$[:\text{I}:]^{-}$	Anion
Sr	Metal	2	$\text{Sr}\cdot\cdot$	Loses 2	$\text{Sr}^{2+}$	Cation

Key Notes:

• Lewis Dots: Represent valence electrons (dots) around the element symbol.
• Electron Gain/Loss: Based on achieving a stable octet (8 electrons, except H/He).
• Ion Type: Cations (metals) lose electrons; Anions (nonmetals) gain electrons.

This table summarizes the properties of each element, including Lewis dot structures for neutral atoms and ions, electron behavior, and ion type.