QUESTION IMAGE
Question
- fill in the table with the correct name for each acid
formula name
hi
hclo₄
h₂cro₄
hclo
hcn
h₃po₄
- determine the correct formula for each acid:
name name and formula of anion formula
hydrobromic acid
nitrous acid
carbonic acid
boric acid
sulfurous acid
hydrofluoric acid
- organic acids (more on that in unit 3!) generally write the acidic hydrogen at the end of the formula rather than the beginning. write down the formulas for each of the following organic acids, and highlight (or circle) the acidic hydrogen.
acid name formula
acetic acid
benzoic acid
butanoic acid
Step1: Identify acid - naming rules
For binary acids (compounds with hydrogen and one other element), the name starts with "hydro -" and ends with "-ic acid". For oxy - acids (compounds with hydrogen, oxygen, and another element), the name depends on the number of oxygen atoms.
Step2: Name acids in first table
- HI: Hydroiodic acid (binary acid).
- $\text{HClO}_4$: Perchloric acid (oxy - acid with most oxygen atoms among chlorine oxy - acids).
- $\text{H}_2\text{CrO}_4$: Chromic acid (oxy - acid).
- $\text{HClO}$: Hypochlorous acid (oxy - acid with fewest oxygen atoms among chlorine oxy - acids).
- $\text{HCN}$: Hydrocyanic acid (binary acid with non - halogen element).
- $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$: Phosphoric acid (oxy - acid).
Step3: Determine formulas in second table
- Hydrobromic Acid: $\text{HBr}$, Anion is bromide ($\text{Br}^-$).
- Nitrous Acid: $\text{HNO}_2$, Anion is nitrite ($\text{NO}_2^-$).
- Carbonic Acid: $\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$, Anion is carbonate ($\text{CO}_3^{2 - }$).
- Boric Acid: $\text{H}_3\text{BO}_3$, Anion is borate ($\text{BO}_3^{3 - }$).
- Sulfurous Acid: $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_3$, Anion is sulfite ($\text{SO}_3^{2 - }$).
- Hydrofluoric Acid: $\text{HF}$, Anion is fluoride ($\text{F}^-$).
Step4: Write formulas for organic acids
- Acetic Acid: $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$, acidic hydrogen is the one in the $-\text{COOH}$ group.
- Benzoic Acid: $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}$, acidic hydrogen is in the $-\text{COOH}$ group.
- Butanoic Acid: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$, acidic hydrogen is in the $-\text{COOH}$ group.
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| Formula | Name |
|---|---|
| $\text{HClO}_4$ | Perchloric acid |
| $\text{H}_2\text{CrO}_4$ | Chromic acid |
| $\text{HClO}$ | Hypochlorous acid |
| $\text{HCN}$ | Hydrocyanic acid |
| $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$ | Phosphoric acid |
| Name | Name and Formula of Anion | Formula |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrous Acid | Nitrite ($\text{NO}_2^-$) | $\text{HNO}_2$ |
| Carbonic Acid | Carbonate ($\text{CO}_3^{2 - }$) | $\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$ |
| Boric Acid | Borate ($\text{BO}_3^{3 - }$) | $\text{H}_3\text{BO}_3$ |
| Sulfurous Acid | Sulfite ($\text{SO}_3^{2 - }$) | $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_3$ |
| Hydrofluoric Acid | Fluoride ($\text{F}^-$) | $\text{HF}$ |
| Acid Name | Formula |
|---|---|
| Benzoic Acid | $\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COOH}$ |
| Butanoic Acid | $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$ |