Question

1. how did sumerians use arithmetic?

Explanation:

The Sumerians developed a base-60 (sexagesimal) number system, which is the origin of modern 60-minute hours and 360-degree circles. They used arithmetic primarily for practical administrative needs: to count and record agricultural goods like grain, track livestock, calculate taxes and tributes to rulers, measure land for farming, and keep records of trade transactions. They also used it for constructing buildings and canals, requiring measurements for dimensions and materials.

Answer:

The Sumerians used their base-60 arithmetic system for practical, daily needs:

1. Administrative record-keeping (counting grain, livestock, and trade goods)
2. Calculating taxes, tributes, and wages
3. Measuring land for agriculture and construction
4. Planning and building structures like canals and buildings