Question

identify whether each of the following describes a first - degree, second - degree, or third - degree burn. write 1°, 2°, or 3°.
______ 1. affects all three skin layers
______ 2. average sunburn
______ 3. color can vary (brown/tan, black, white)
______ 4. damages entire epidermis and a portion of the dermis
______ 5. damages only the epidermis
______ 6. full thickness burn
______ 7. glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels destroyed
______ 8. pain, redness, and blistering; scarring is common
______ 9. partial thickness burn
______ 10. redness and pain, but no blistering or scarring
______ 11. superficial burn
______ 12. surface of skin has leathery look and feel
______ 13. victim feels no pain
apply the rule of nines to determine the percentage of body that was burned:
both legs = __________________ %
entire back and buttocks, and the backs of both arms = __________________ %
front of the left arm, entire head and neck = __________________ %
entire right leg, entire right arm, entire head and neck = __________________ %
entire head and neck, front of trunk, back and buttocks, and perineum = __________________ %
back of right arm, front of left arm, front of trunk, back and buttocks = __________________ %
entire head and neck = __________________ %

Explanation:

Part 1: Identifying Burn Degrees

To solve this, we recall the characteristics of each burn degree:

• 1° (First - degree): Damages only the epidermis; redness, pain, no blistering/scaring; superficial; average sunburn.
• 2° (Second - degree): Damages entire epidermis and part of dermis; pain, redness, blistering; scarring common; partial thickness.
• 3° (Third - degree): Affects all three skin layers; full thickness; color varies; destroys glands/hair follicles/blood vessels; leathery look; victim feels no pain (nerve damage).

1. Affects all three skin layers → \(3^\circ\)
2. Average sunburn → \(1^\circ\)
3. Color can vary → \(3^\circ\)
4. Damages entire epidermis and part of dermis → \(2^\circ\)
5. Damages only the epidermis → \(1^\circ\)
6. Full thickness burn → \(3^\circ\)
7. Glands, hair follicles, vessels destroyed → \(3^\circ\)
8. Pain, redness, blistering; scarring common → \(2^\circ\)
9. Partial thickness burn → \(2^\circ\)
10. Redness, pain, no blistering/scaring → \(1^\circ\)
11. Superficial burn → \(1^\circ\)
12. Leathery look/feel → \(3^\circ\)
13. Victim feels no pain → \(3^\circ\)

Part 2: Rule of Nines

The Rule of Nines divides the body into regions with percentages:

• Head/neck: \(9\%\)
• Each arm: \(9\%\) (front/back: \(4.5\%\) each)
• Trunk (front: \(18\%\), back: \(18\%\), buttocks: part of back)
• Each leg: \(18\%\) (total both legs: \(36\%\))
• Perineum: \(1\%\)

1. Both legs: Each leg is \(18\%\), so \(18 + 18=36\%\)
2. Entire back (18%) and buttocks (part of back, but in Rule of Nines, back is 18% including buttocks) and backs of both arms (each back arm is \(4.5\%\), so \(4.5\times2 = 9\%\)): \(18+9 = 27\%\)
3. Front of left arm (\(4.5\%\)) + entire head/neck (\(9\%\)): \(4.5 + 9=13.5\%\)
4. Entire right leg (\(18\%\)) + entire right arm (\(9\%\)) + entire head/neck (\(9\%\)): \(18 + 9+9 = 36\%\)
5. Entire head/neck (\(9\%\)) + front of trunk (\(18\%\)) + back/buttocks (\(18\%\)) + perineum (\(1\%\)): \(9+18 + 18+1=46\%\)
6. Back of right arm (\(4.5\%\)) + front of left arm (\(4.5\%\)) + front of trunk (\(18\%\)) + back/buttocks (\(18\%\)): \(4.5+4.5 + 18+18=45\%\)
7. Entire head and neck: \(9\%\)

Final Answers

Part 1 (Burn Degrees)

1. \(3^\circ\)
2. \(1^\circ\)
3. \(3^\circ\)
4. \(2^\circ\)
5. \(1^\circ\)
6. \(3^\circ\)
7. \(3^\circ\)
8. \(2^\circ\)
9. \(2^\circ\)
10. \(1^\circ\)
11. \(1^\circ\)
12. \(3^\circ\)
13. \(3^\circ\)

Part 2 (Rule of Nines)

• Both legs: \(\boldsymbol{36}\)
• Entire back and buttocks, backs of both arms: \(\boldsymbol{27}\)
• Front of left arm, entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{13.5}\)
• Entire right leg, entire right arm, entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{36}\)
• Entire head and neck, front of trunk, back and buttocks, perineum: \(\boldsymbol{46}\)
• Back of right arm, front of left arm, front of trunk, back and buttocks: \(\boldsymbol{45}\)
• Entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{9}\)

Answer:

Part 1: Identifying Burn Degrees

To solve this, we recall the characteristics of each burn degree:

• 1° (First - degree): Damages only the epidermis; redness, pain, no blistering/scaring; superficial; average sunburn.
• 2° (Second - degree): Damages entire epidermis and part of dermis; pain, redness, blistering; scarring common; partial thickness.
• 3° (Third - degree): Affects all three skin layers; full thickness; color varies; destroys glands/hair follicles/blood vessels; leathery look; victim feels no pain (nerve damage).

1. Affects all three skin layers → \(3^\circ\)
2. Average sunburn → \(1^\circ\)
3. Color can vary → \(3^\circ\)
4. Damages entire epidermis and part of dermis → \(2^\circ\)
5. Damages only the epidermis → \(1^\circ\)
6. Full thickness burn → \(3^\circ\)
7. Glands, hair follicles, vessels destroyed → \(3^\circ\)
8. Pain, redness, blistering; scarring common → \(2^\circ\)
9. Partial thickness burn → \(2^\circ\)
10. Redness, pain, no blistering/scaring → \(1^\circ\)
11. Superficial burn → \(1^\circ\)
12. Leathery look/feel → \(3^\circ\)
13. Victim feels no pain → \(3^\circ\)

Part 2: Rule of Nines

The Rule of Nines divides the body into regions with percentages:

• Head/neck: \(9\%\)
• Each arm: \(9\%\) (front/back: \(4.5\%\) each)
• Trunk (front: \(18\%\), back: \(18\%\), buttocks: part of back)
• Each leg: \(18\%\) (total both legs: \(36\%\))
• Perineum: \(1\%\)

1. Both legs: Each leg is \(18\%\), so \(18 + 18=36\%\)
2. Entire back (18%) and buttocks (part of back, but in Rule of Nines, back is 18% including buttocks) and backs of both arms (each back arm is \(4.5\%\), so \(4.5\times2 = 9\%\)): \(18+9 = 27\%\)
3. Front of left arm (\(4.5\%\)) + entire head/neck (\(9\%\)): \(4.5 + 9=13.5\%\)
4. Entire right leg (\(18\%\)) + entire right arm (\(9\%\)) + entire head/neck (\(9\%\)): \(18 + 9+9 = 36\%\)
5. Entire head/neck (\(9\%\)) + front of trunk (\(18\%\)) + back/buttocks (\(18\%\)) + perineum (\(1\%\)): \(9+18 + 18+1=46\%\)
6. Back of right arm (\(4.5\%\)) + front of left arm (\(4.5\%\)) + front of trunk (\(18\%\)) + back/buttocks (\(18\%\)): \(4.5+4.5 + 18+18=45\%\)
7. Entire head and neck: \(9\%\)

Final Answers

Part 1 (Burn Degrees)

1. \(3^\circ\)
2. \(1^\circ\)
3. \(3^\circ\)
4. \(2^\circ\)
5. \(1^\circ\)
6. \(3^\circ\)
7. \(3^\circ\)
8. \(2^\circ\)
9. \(2^\circ\)
10. \(1^\circ\)
11. \(1^\circ\)
12. \(3^\circ\)
13. \(3^\circ\)

Part 2 (Rule of Nines)

• Both legs: \(\boldsymbol{36}\)
• Entire back and buttocks, backs of both arms: \(\boldsymbol{27}\)
• Front of left arm, entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{13.5}\)
• Entire right leg, entire right arm, entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{36}\)
• Entire head and neck, front of trunk, back and buttocks, perineum: \(\boldsymbol{46}\)
• Back of right arm, front of left arm, front of trunk, back and buttocks: \(\boldsymbol{45}\)
• Entire head and neck: \(\boldsymbol{9}\)