Question

instructions
the upward normal force of a book resting on a table with its weight.
the force of a mule pulling on a cart and the force of the cart pulling back on the mule.
the forces must be equal and opposite since they are an action/reaction pair of forces.
the forces must be equal and opposite because the object is not accelerating and thus has no net force on it.

Explanation:

1. For the book on the table: The normal force and weight act on the same object (the book), keeping it in equilibrium with no acceleration.
2. For the mule and cart: The mule's pull on the cart and the cart's pull on the mule are forces that act on two different objects, forming an action-reaction pair per Newton's third law.

Answer:

• Match "The upward normal force of a book resting on a table with its weight" to: The forces must be equal and opposite because the object is not accelerating and thus has no net force on it.
• Match "The force of a mule pulling on a cart and the force of the cart pulling back on the mule" to: The forces must be equal and opposite since they are an action/reaction pair of forces.