Question

introduction: the periodic table arranges elements by size and property. the vertical columns represent chemical families, or groups of elements with similar chemical properties.
question: how are elements arranged into chemical families?

1. observe: drag the nonmetal into the trash ( ) so there is only the one lithium atom visible.

a. how many valence electrons does lithium have? 1
b now look at your periodic table. find lithium (li) in the first column. other than lithium, which element from the gizmo is also in this column?
c. choose this element. how many valence electrons does this element have?

1. gather data: four other pairs of elements in the same chemical family are listed below. list the number of valence electrons in each element.

beryllium
magnesium
nitrogen
phosphorus
oxygen
sulfur
fluorine
chlorine

Explanation:

Step1: Recall periodic - table knowledge

Elements in the first column of the periodic table are alkali metals. Besides lithium (Li), sodium (Na) is also a common alkali - metal in the first column.

Step2: Determine valence electrons

All elements in the first column of the periodic table have 1 valence electron.

Step3: Recall valence electrons of other elements

Beryllium (Be) and Magnesium (Mg) are in group 2, so they have 2 valence electrons. Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are in group 15, so they have 5 valence electrons. Oxygen (O) and Sulfur (S) are in group 16, so they have 6 valence electrons. Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl) are in group 17, so they have 7 valence electrons.

Answer:

1. B. Sodium (Na)

C. 1

1. Beryllium: 2, Magnesium: 2, Nitrogen: 5, Phosphorus: 5, Oxygen: 6, Sulfur: 6, Fluorine: 7, Chlorine: 7