Question

ionic size: the size of ions
ions are formed when you either add or remove
when you remove electrons from an element, you form a

• hint: these ions are \paws\itively charged
• commonly, you remove valence electrons until there are none left
• when there are no more valence electrons on a shell, you effectively remove that shell --> the ion is than the original, neutral atom
• these ions can have the same electron configuration as other atoms, so the smaller atom is the one with the most number of

when add electrons, you form an

• hint: these ions are negatively charged
• commonly, you add valence electrons until it has a complete shell of electron
• when you add more electrons, the ion generally becomes
• the more electrons you had to add, the it is compared to other ions/elements with the same electron configuration
• the bigger atom has the number of electrons.

ionization energy: energy needed to remove an electron

• electrons are removed because they are on the outside
• outer electrons are easier to remove than inner
• electrons are removed one at a time
• for a particular atom, 1st ionization is always than the 2nd.
• each electron in sequence always takes more energy
• the goal is to copy noble gas electron configuration, so removing electrons beyond requires even energy(looks like a spike)
• the energy increases due to 2 factors: and
• the farther the valence electron is from the nuclease, the energy needed to remove the electron
• as you go a group of elements, the ionization energy
• as you go a group of elements, the ionization energy
• the more the atom has in a period, the stronger the attraction for electrons
• as you go from to, the ionization energy
• as you go from to, the ionization energy
• in summary, if you go and, the ionization energy decreases.
• it follows the opposite trend as
• has the lowest ionization energy

electronegativity: the ability to attract electrons

• the main force that attracts electrons is from an atoms
• the main factors that determine the strength of electronegativity are the and

Explanation:

Ions are formed by adding or removing electrons. Cations are positive ions (formed by electron - removal), anions are negative ions (formed by electron - addition). Ionization energy is the energy to remove an electron, affected by factors like electron location and nuclear charge. Electronegativity is the ability to attract electrons, mainly influenced by the nucleus.

Answer:

• Ionic Size:
• electrons
• cation
• smaller
• protons
• anion
• larger
• more
• more
• Ionization Energy:
• Outer
• easier
• more
• nuclear charge; electron - electron repulsion
• less
• down; decreases
• across; increases
• protons
• left; right; increases
• bottom; top; increases
• down; left
• atomic size
• Francium
• Electronegativity:
• nucleus
• nuclear charge; distance of valence electrons from nucleus