Question

james madison, one of the founders of the united states, wrote about the problems with the articles of confederation. read the following passage from one of madison’s essays. then answer the question below.

the practice of many states in restricting trade with other states... is certainly adverse to the spirit of the union and tends to beget retaliating regulations,... which are destructive of the general harmony.

restricting: limiting
adverse: harmful
beget: create
retaliating: revenging

which problem did madison describe in the passage?

state governments made trade laws that caused resentment among states.

state legislatures refused to give more power to the central government.

the state governments could print their own money.

the states did not contribute money to pay off the central government’s debt.

Explanation:

The passage from Madison talks about states restricting trade with other states, which leads to retaliating (revenge - like) regulations and harms harmony. The first option, "State governments made trade laws that caused resentment among states", matches this as trade restrictions and retaliatory regulations would cause resentment. The other options are about power to central government, printing money, and debt payment, which are not mentioned in the passage.

Answer:

A. State governments made trade laws that caused resentment among states