Question

lichens are often the first species to colonize an environment during primary succession. in general, the first species to colonize an environment is called...
unwise
a first order consumer
primary succession
a pioneer species
secondary succession
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Explanation:

In ecological succession, the first species to colonize a new or barren environment during primary succession are known as pioneer species. Lichens are common pioneer species as they can grow in harsh conditions and help break down rocks to form soil for other plants.

Answer:

a pioneer species