Question

1. a major factor tied to the late bronze age collapse and the shift to the iron age was

a. floods that destroyed all farms
b. loss of tin supplies that pushed metalworkers to master iron
c. discovery of gold that replaced bronze
d. a universal peace treaty that ended weapon making

1. the phoenicians are credited with

a. inventing coinage first
b. creating a consonant alphabet and wide trading networks
c. perfecting chariot warfare
d. building the parthenon

1. the etruscans influenced rome in all these ways except

a. gladiatorial rituals at funerals
b. religious divination by examining entrails
c. the fasces symbol of authority
d. adoption of the greek polis assembly for all citizens

1. in archaic greece, which reformer cancelled debts and expanded participation through councils and jury courts?

a. lycurgus
b. solon
c. cleisthenes
d. pericles

Explanation:

• For question 8, the loss of tin supplies was crucial as bronze is an alloy of tin and copper. Without tin, metal - workers turned to iron, marking the shift to the Iron Age.
• For question 9, the Phoenicians are well - known for creating a consonant alphabet and establishing extensive trading networks.
• For question 10, the Etruscans influenced Rome in gladiatorial rituals, religious divination, and the fasces symbol, but the adoption of the Greek polis assembly was not an Etruscan influence.
• For question 11, Solon in Archaic Greece cancelled debts (seisachtheia) and expanded political participation through councils and jury courts.

Answer:

1. B. Loss of tin supplies that pushed metalworkers to master iron
2. B. Creating a consonant alphabet and wide trading networks
3. D. Adoption of the Greek polis assembly for all citizens
4. B. Solon