Question

match each description to the correct sampling method.
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systematic sampling cluster sampling stratified sampling simple random sampling
a major polling company in the united states randomly selects alaska, illinois, texas, florida, and pennsylvania as the states from which to select households for a survey.
to select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and selects every household with an odd street number for the survey.
to select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and selects households at random for the survey.
to select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and subdivides households into several property value brackets. households are then randomly and proportionally selected from each bracket.
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challenge activities
challenge activity 1.4.1: bias from poor sampling.
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Explanation:

1. Cluster sampling involves selecting entire groups (clusters) first, then sampling from within them; here states are the clusters.
2. Systematic sampling selects every nth element; here every household with an odd number follows a fixed interval pattern.
3. Simple random sampling randomly selects elements from the entire population without any grouping or pattern.
4. Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups (strata) and randomly samples from each stratum proportionally; here property value brackets are the strata.

Answer:

• Cluster sampling: A major polling company in the United States randomly selects Alaska, Illinois, Texas, Florida, and Pennsylvania as the states from which to select households for a survey.
• Systematic sampling: To select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and selects every household with an odd street number for the survey.
• Simple random sampling: To select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and selects households at random for the survey.
• Stratified sampling: To select households for the survey, the company consults the property tax rolls in a specific area, and subdivides households into several property value brackets. Households are then randomly and proportionally selected from each bracket.