Question

b. monotheistic religions always lack formal religious specialists, while olympian religions rely on them.
c. monotheistic religions require trance-based shamanic specialists, but olympian religions forbid altered states of consciousness.
d. monotheistic religions focus on a single, all-powerful deity, whereas olympian religions feature a ranked pantheon of gods mirroring social stratification.

1. this system often arises in or spreads across large, complex societies, and emphasize one god as the ultimate lawgiver and moral authority.

a. communal b. olympian c. monotheistic d. shamanic

Explanation:

• Communal religions are typically small-scale, centered on community rituals without a single ultimate deity.
• Olympian religions have a pantheon of multiple ranked gods, not a single ultimate lawgiver.
• Monotheistic religions are defined by belief in one all-powerful, ultimate deity who serves as the moral and legal authority, and they often thrive in large, complex societies.
• Shamanic religions focus on a specialist (shaman) who mediates with the spirit world, not a single ultimate lawgiver deity.

Answer:

C. Monotheistic