Question

1 multiple choice 1 point
the peace of westphalia is often seen as a turning point. which outcome best explains why?
it created a unified european parliament that replaced monarchs with elected leaders.
it established national sovereignty by recognizing the rights of states to govern themselves.
it restored absolute control of the holy roman empire over its 300 separate states.
it ended all religious conflict in europe by enforcing a single official faith everywhere.

Explanation:

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) ended the Thirty Years' War and is a foundational moment in international relations. It recognized the principle of national sovereignty, meaning states had the right to govern their own internal affairs without external interference. The other options are incorrect: it did not create a unified European parliament, it weakened (not strengthened) the Holy Roman Empire's control, and it did not end all religious conflict or enforce a single faith (instead it allowed religious autonomy within states).

Answer:

It established national sovereignty by recognizing the rights of states to govern themselves.