Question

a nurse is caring for a client who reports enjoying retirement because they are reading more, visiting with children and grandchildren, and playing bridge with their friends. the nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following stages of eriksons theory of psychosocial development? trust vs. mistrust autonomy vs. shame and doubt identity vs. role confusion integrity vs. despair

Explanation:

Erikson's psychosocial development theory has stages. The "Integrity vs. despair" stage is for older adults (like retirees), where they reflect on life, find meaning, and engage in fulfilling activities (reading, family time, socializing). "Trust vs. mistrust" is infancy, "Autonomy vs. shame/doubt" is early childhood, "Identity vs. role confusion" is adolescence—none match a retiree. So the client is in Integrity vs. despair.

Answer:

D. Integrity vs. despair