Question

a. observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. how many electrons are there total in each atom? sodium: chlorine: b. each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. based on this, how many protons are in each atom? sodium: chlorine: 2. observe: most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. this is known as the octet rule. how many valence electrons does each atom have? sodium: chlorine: 3. form a bond: each electron has a charge of 1−, and each proton has a charge of 1+. you can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom. a. what are the charges of each atom now? sodium: chlorine: turn on show charge to check. these charged atoms are called ions

Explanation:

Step1: Recall atomic number for electron - proton count

The atomic number of sodium (Na) is 11 and for chlorine (Cl) is 17. In a neutral atom, number of electrons = number of protons = atomic number.

Step2: Determine total electrons and protons

Sodium: 11 electrons and 11 protons. Chlorine: 17 electrons and 17 protons.

Step3: Find valence electrons

Sodium has an electron - configuration of 2, 8, 1, so it has 1 valence electron. Chlorine has an electron - configuration of 2, 8, 7, so it has 7 valence electrons.

Step4: Calculate charges after electron transfer

When an electron moves from sodium to chlorine: Sodium loses 1 electron, so its charge is + 1. Chlorine gains 1 electron, so its charge is - 1.

Answer:

A. Sodium: 11, Chlorine: 17
B. Sodium: 11, Chlorine: 17

1. Sodium: 1, Chlorine: 7
2. A. Sodium: +1, Chlorine: -1