Question

organelles that build proteins

1. what are ribosomes? what do they do?
2. in which organelle are the lipid components of the cell membrane assembled?
3. what is the difference between rough er and smooth er?
4. using the cell as a factory analogy, describe the role of the golgi apparatus in cells.
5. suppose a cell’s golgi apparatus does not function properly. how might this problem affect other cells?

organelles that capture and release energy

1. complete the venn diagram to compare and contrast chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Explanation:

1. Ribosomes are small organelles. They are the sites of protein synthesis, translating mRNA into proteins.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), specifically the smooth ER, assembles the lipid components of the cell - membrane.
3. Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface and is involved in protein synthesis and modification. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium ion storage.
4. In the cell - as - factory analogy, the Golgi apparatus is like the shipping and packaging department. It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion out of the cell or for use within the cell.
5. If the Golgi apparatus doesn't function properly, it may not correctly package and secrete proteins and lipids. This could affect other cells that rely on these secreted molecules for communication, structure, or function. For example, cells that depend on secreted signaling proteins may not receive the proper signals.
6. Chloroplasts: Found only in plant and some protist cells; site of photosynthesis; convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose). Mitochondria: Found in most eukaryotic cells; site of cellular respiration; convert chemical energy (glucose) into ATP. Both: Have their own DNA; double - membrane structures; involved in energy conversion processes.

Answer:

1. Ribosomes are small organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis.
2. The endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER).
3. Rough ER has ribosomes and is for protein synthesis/modification; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is for lipid synthesis/detoxification.
4. It is like the shipping and packaging department, modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.
5. It may affect other cells that rely on secreted molecules from the cell with the malfunctioning Golgi.
6. Chloroplasts: Found in plant and some protist cells, site of photosynthesis, convert light energy to chemical energy. Mitochondria: Found in most eukaryotic cells, site of cellular respiration, convert chemical energy to ATP. Both: Have own DNA, double - membrane structures, involved in energy conversion.