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other limit evaluation techniques
if we are given an algebraic formula for a function and that function is continuous at the limit point were examining, we can often use direct substitution to evaluate the limit. we will define \continuous\ in a future section, but to see the principle, consider the function f(x)=2x - 1 from examples 1 and 2. note that f(0)=-1 and you found that lim x→0 f(x)=-1.
example 3: use direct substitution and limit laws to compute the following limits. note the functions in this example are all continuous at the limit point were examining.
a. lim x→2 (x² - 2x)=lim x→2 x²-lim x→2 2x=2²-2(2)=4 - 4 = 0
b. lim x→-1 (x³ - x + 4)
c. lim x→π/2 cos(2x)
d. lim x→-5 (x²+9x + 20)/(x + 5)
Step1: 式を直接代入で評価
与えられた極限問題は、関数が連続な場合、直接代入法を用いて解くことができます。
Step2: aの場合
$\lim_{x
ightarrow2}(x^{2}-2x)$ では、$x = 2$ を代入する。$x^{2}-2x$ は連続関数で、$\lim_{x
ightarrow2}x^{2}-\lim_{x
ightarrow2}2x=2^{2}-2\times2 = 4 - 4=0$ 。
Step3: bの場合
$\lim_{x
ightarrow - 1}(x^{3}-x + 4)$ では、$x=-1$ を代入する。$(-1)^{3}-(-1)+4=-1 + 1+4 = 4$ 。
Step4: cの場合
$\lim_{x
ightarrow\frac{\pi}{2}}\cos(2x)$ では、$x = \frac{\pi}{2}$ を代入する。$\cos(2\times\frac{\pi}{2})=\cos(\pi)=-1$ 。
Step5: dの場合
$\lim_{x
ightarrow - 5}\frac{x^{2}+9x + 20}{x + 5}$ では、まず分子を因数分解する。$x^{2}+9x + 20=(x + 4)(x+5)$ 。すると $\lim_{x
ightarrow - 5}\frac{(x + 4)(x + 5)}{x + 5}=\lim_{x
ightarrow - 5}(x + 4)$ 。$x=-5$ を代入して、$-5 + 4=-1$ 。
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a. $0$
b. $4$
c. $-1$
d. $-1$