Question

part c. use your codon chart to determine the amino - acid sequence. remember to read through the strand and only start on aug and stop when it tells you to stop. follow example below: example: dna → aga cgg tac ctc cgg tgg gtg ctt gtc tgt atc ctt ctc agt atc mrna → ucu gcc aug gag gcc acc cac gaa cag aca uag gaa gag uca uag protein → start - glu - ala - thre - hist - asp - glu - threo - stop acid acid dna → cct ctt tac aca cgg agg gta cgc tat tct atg att aca cgg ttg cga tcc ata atc rna → cga gaa aug ugu gcc ucc cau gcg aua aga uac uaa ugu gcc aac cgu uag uag ofg otein → dna → aga aca taa tac ctc tta aca ctc taa aga cca gca ctc cga tga act gga gca va → ucu ugu au aug gag aa ugu gag auu ucu ggu cgu gag gcu acu uga ccu cgu in → dna → tac ctt ggg gaa tat aca cgc tgg ctt cga tga atc cgt acg gta ctc gcc atc a → aug gaa ccc cuu aua ugu gcg acc gaa gcu acu uag gca ugc cau cag cgg uag → → taa act cgg tac cta gct tag atc taa tta ccc atc → auu uga gcc aug gau cga auc uag auu aau ggg uag → cta tta cga tac tag agc gaa tag aaa ctt atc atc gau aaa gcu aug auc ucg cuu auu uuu gaa uag uag tac ctt agt tat cca ttg act cga att gtg cgc ttg ctg atc ccg gaa uca auc ggu uac uga gcu uaa uac gcg aau gac uac acc cga tac ctc tct tat agc att aga aac ctc cga gcg ggg gcu aug gag aga aou

Explanation:

Step1: Transcribe DNA to mRNA

DNA has bases A, T, C, G and mRNA has bases U, A, G, C. Thymine (T) in DNA is replaced by Uracil (U) in mRNA during transcription. For example, if the DNA sequence is TAC, the mRNA sequence will be AUG.

Step2: Identify start and stop codons

The start codon is AUG which codes for Methionine (often just referred to as "start" in simple protein - coding exercises). Stop codons are UAA, UAG, and UGA. We start translating the mRNA into protein sequence only when we encounter AUG and stop when we reach a stop codon.

Step3: Use codon chart to translate mRNA to amino - acid sequence

Each set of three nucleotides (codon) in mRNA corresponds to a specific amino - acid. For example, GCU codes for Alanine (ala), GAG codes for Glutamic acid (glu), etc.

Let's take the first DNA sequence provided:
DNA: CCT CTT TAC ACA CGG AGG GTA CGC TAT TCT ATG ATT ACA CGG TTG CGA TCC ATA ATC
mRNA: GGA GAA AUG UGU GCC UCC CAU GCG AUA AGA UAC UAA UGU GCC AAC GCU AGG UAU UAG
Protein: start - cys - ala - ser - his - ala - ile - arg - tyr - stop

Answer:

start - cys - ala - ser - his - ala - ile - arg - tyr - stop