properties of water:
3. what is water made of?
4. what does polar mean?
5. which atom(s) pull electrons towards it?
6. what are the partial charges of a water molecule?
7. what type of bond is between water molecules?
8. name the properties of water.
9. water dissolves many things meaning it is a good ______.
10. if something is \water-loving\ it is called…? can it dissolve in water?
11. if something is \water-fearing\ it is called…? can it dissolve in water?

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Accepted Answer

### Question 3: What is water made of?
# Brief Explanations:
Water is a chemical compound. Its molecular formula is $ H_2O $, meaning each water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, bonded together by covalent bonds.
# Answer:
Water is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (per water molecule), with the chemical formula $ H_2O $.

### Question 4: What does polar mean?
# Brief Explanations:
In the context of molecules (like water), "polar" refers to a molecule having a separation of electric charge, resulting in a molecule with a partially positive end and a partially negative end. This occurs when there is a difference in electronegativity between the atoms in the molecule, causing an unequal sharing of electrons in the covalent bonds.
# Answer:
In molecular terms, polar means a molecule has a partial positive and a partial negative charge (due to unequal electron sharing from electronegativity differences).

### Question 5: Which atom(s) pull electrons towards it?
# Brief Explanations:
In a water molecule ($ H_2O $), oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond. So, the oxygen atom pulls the shared electrons in the $ O - H $ bonds towards itself.
# Answer:
In water, the oxygen atom pulls electrons towards it (due to higher electronegativity than hydrogen).

### Question 6: What are the partial charges of a water molecule?
# Brief Explanations:
Because oxygen is more electronegative and pulls electrons towards itself, the oxygen atom in a water molecule has a partial negative charge ($ \delta^- $). The hydrogen atoms, having less of the shared electron density, have partial positive charges ($ \delta^+ $). So, the oxygen is $ \delta^- $ and each hydrogen is $ \delta^+ $.
# Answer:
In a water molecule, the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge ($ \delta^- $) and each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge ($ \delta^+ $).

### Question 7: What type of bond is between water molecules?
# Brief Explanations:
Between water molecules, the attraction is due to hydrogen bonding. The partially positive hydrogen of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen of another water molecule. Hydrogen bonds are a type of intermolecular force (weaker than covalent or ionic bonds) that occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (like O, N, or F) and is attracted to another electronegative atom.
# Answer:
The bond between water molecules is a hydrogen bond (an intermolecular force).

### Question 8: Name the properties of water.
# Brief Explanations:
Water has several key properties: 1. **Cohesion**: Water molecules stick to each other (due to hydrogen bonding), leading to surface tension. 2. **Adhesion**: Water molecules stick to other polar surfaces. 3. **High specific heat capacity**: It can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature rises, helping regulate temperature. 4. **High heat of vaporization**: A lot of heat is needed to turn liquid water to gas, useful in cooling (e.g., sweating). 5. **Less dense as a solid (ice floats)**: Ice is less dense than liquid water because of the hydrogen bonding arrangement in the solid state. 6. **Good solvent (for polar/ionic substances)**: Due to its polarity, it can dissolve many substances.
# Answer:
Properties of water include cohesion, adhesion, high specific heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, ice being less dense than liquid water, and being a good solvent.

### Question 9: Water dissolves many things meaning it is a good ______.
# Brief Explanations:
A substance that dissolves other substances is called a solvent. Since water can dissolve many polar and ionic substances (like salts, sugars) due to its polarity, it is known as a good solvent.
# Answer:
Water dissolves many things meaning it is a good $\boldsymbol{\text{solvent}}$.

### Question 10: If something is "water - loving" it is called...? Can it dissolve in water?
# Brief Explanations:
A "water - loving" substance is called hydrophilic. Hydrophilic substances are polar (or have ionic parts) and can interact favorably with the polar water molecules, so they can dissolve in water (or are miscible with water). For example, salts and sugars are hydrophilic and dissolve in water.
# Answer:
If something is "water - loving" it is called hydrophilic. Yes, it can dissolve in water.

### Question 11: If something is "water - fearing" it is called...? Can it dissolve in water?
# Brief Explanations:
A "water - fearing" substance is called hydrophobic. Hydrophobic substances are non - polar (like oils, fats). Since water is polar, non - polar substances do not interact favorably with water molecules. So, hydrophobic substances generally do not dissolve in water (they are immiscible with water, and we see phenomena like oil and water separating).
# Answer:
If something is "water - fearing" it is called hydrophobic. No, it generally cannot dissolve in water.

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Explanation:

Question 3: What is water made of?

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Question 4: What does polar mean?