Question

protein synthesis notes
protein synthesis - the process of reading the instructions in the dna to make a protein
the central dogma
(flow of genetic information from dna to protein)
replication
dna → rna → protein
transcription translation
dna vs rna
sugar?
single or double stranded?
different bases and pairings?
where is it in the cell?
different types?
involved in protein synthesis?

Explanation:

1. Sugar: DNA has deoxyribose sugar, RNA has ribose sugar.
2. Strandedness: DNA is double - stranded, RNA is usually single - stranded.
3. Bases and Pairings: DNA has A - T, C - G pairings; RNA has A - U, C - G pairings (Adenine - Thymine/Uracil, Cytosine - Guanine).
4. Location in cell: DNA is mainly in the nucleus, RNA can be in nucleus and cytoplasm.
5. Types: DNA is one type (genomic DNA), RNA has types like mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.
6. Involvement in protein synthesis: Both are involved. DNA provides the code, RNA is involved in transcription and translation steps.

Answer:

	DNA	RNA
Single or Double Stranded?	Double - stranded	Usually single - stranded
Different Bases and Pairings?	A - T, C - G	A - U, C - G
Where is it in the cell?	Mainly in nucleus	Nucleus and cytoplasm
Different types?	Genomic DNA	mRNA, tRNA, rRNA etc.
Involved in protein synthesis?	Yes (provides code)	Yes (transcription and translation)