Question

public libraries exist around the world, with a history that dates back to england in the 1600s. public libraries are funded by taxes, and are open to all community members. they provide the community access to large collections of books, magazines, and other resources. research shows that public libraries help to raise literacy rates, and provide access to computers for those who would not have it otherwise. the public is able to check out books for free, as long as they take care of the books and return them on time.
in recent years, library fines for overdue books have increased to prevent members from returning books late. however, there is no evidence that increased fines reduce the number of overdue books. because of this, many community members believe the increase is unfair to those who cannot afford to pay the higher fines. members may even avoid the library in order to prevent the possibility of fines.

1. what is the second paragraph mostly about?

a. libraries have increased fines for overdue books to prevent members from returning the books late.
b. libraries are open to all community members and are funded by local taxes.
c. librarians work to provide numerous books and programs for community members to enjoy.
d. public libraries help to improve literacy rates by giving books away to community members.

1. what is the central idea of the first paragraph?

a. library fines for overdue books may actually prevent the public from visiting the library.
b. public libraries have a long history of providing books and other resources to the public.
c. public libraries help to improve literacy rates by giving books away to the community members.
d. librarians work to provide numerous books and programs for community members to enjoy.

Explanation:

For question 11: The second paragraph focuses on the increase in overdue book fines, the lack of evidence that it reduces late returns, and the negative impacts (perceived unfairness, members avoiding libraries). Option A captures the core initiating point of this paragraph, while other options relate to the first paragraph.
For question 12: The first paragraph covers the global existence, long history, funding, open access, and community resources/benefits of public libraries. Option B summarizes this broad central idea, while other options either focus on a single detail or relate to the second paragraph.

Answer:

1. A. Libraries have increased fines for overdue books to prevent members from returning the books late.
2. B. Public libraries have a long history of providing books and other resources to the public.