Question

< question 18 of 20 > when a person is sprinting, the persons muscle cells will begin using anaerobic respiration in addition to keeping the mitochondria respiring aerobically as much as the oxygen supply will allow. what benefits do muscle cells gain from anaerobic respiration in this situation? when pyruvate is transformed into lactic acid, four more atp molecules are produced that can power muscle movement while nad+ is regenerated. without using oxygen, the cell generates two atp molecules that can keep the muscles moving for every glucos molecule that enters glycolysis. the oxygen generated as a waste product during lactic acid fermentation can be used by the mitochondria to increase their output of atp. adding electrons from nadh to pyruvate regenerates nad+, so that glycolysis can continue, and produces lac acid, a waste product that can diffuse out of the cell.

Explanation:

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells during sprinting allows for continued ATP - production without full oxygen availability. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP per glucose and requires NAD⁺. In anaerobic conditions, electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate to regenerate NAD⁺, enabling glycolysis to continue and producing lactic acid as a by - product. Also, without oxygen, 2 ATP are generated per glucose in glycolysis which can power muscle movement. Pyruvate to lactic acid transformation does not produce 4 ATP, and lactic acid fermentation does not generate oxygen.

Answer:

B. Without using oxygen, the cell generates two ATP molecules that can keep the muscles moving for every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis.
D. Adding electrons from NADH to pyruvate regenerates NAD⁺, so that glycolysis can continue, and produces lactic acid, a waste product that can diffuse out of the cell.