Question

question 19 (3 points)
how does glycolysis contribute to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
question 20 (4 points)
what would happen if atp synthase was inhibited but the electron transport chain remained functional.

Explanation:

For Question 19: Glycolysis is the first - stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. It breaks down glucose into pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH. In aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the mitochondria for further oxidation. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate is fermented to produce either lactic acid or ethanol.
For Question 20: If ATP synthase is inhibited while the electron - transport chain remains functional, the proton gradient established by the electron - transport chain will continue to build up. Since ATP synthase uses the energy from the proton gradient to produce ATP, without its function, ATP production will halt. Eventually, the high proton gradient will cause the electron - transport chain to slow down or stop due to the lack of a proton flow to drive it.

Answer:

Question 19: Glycolysis is the initial step for both, producing pyruvate, ATP, and NADH. Pyruvate is further processed differently in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Question 20: The proton gradient will build up, ATP production will stop, and eventually the electron - transport chain may slow or stop.