Question

question 2: how do different types of forces affect motion? dok level 3 - strategic thinking create a comparison chart showing how different forces affect motion: type of force how it affects motion real - world example does it speed up, slow down, or change direction? push pull friction gravity reading comprehension questions reference points (dok level 1) 1. what is a reference point? 2. why do we need reference points to describe motion? relative motion (dok level 2) 3. explain why a passenger in a moving car appears stationary to other passengers but appears to be moving to someone standing on the sidewalk. describing motion (dok level 2) 4. compare and contrast how you would describe the motion of a ball rolling across the floor versus a bird flying through the sky. types of forces (dok level 3) 5. analyze this scenario: a book sliding across a table eventually stops. identify all the forces acting on the book and explain how each affects its motion.

Explanation:

Step1: Fill in the comparison chart

Type of Force	How it affects motion	Real - world example	Does it speed up, slow down, or change direction?
Pull	Can start or change motion	Pulling a wagon	Can speed up or change direction
Friction	Opposes motion	A book sliding on a table slows down due to friction	Slows down
Gravity	Pulls objects towards the Earth's center	An apple falling from a tree	Speeds up (when falling)

Step2: Answer reference points questions

1. A reference point is a fixed point used as a basis for comparison to determine if an object is in motion or to describe its position.
2. We need reference points to describe motion because motion is relative. Without a reference point, we cannot say whether an object has changed its position or not.

Step3: Answer relative motion question

A passenger in a moving car appears stationary to other passengers because they are all moving together at the same speed and in the same direction relative to each other (same frame of reference). To someone standing on the sidewalk, the passenger appears to be moving because the sidewalk - observer is in a different frame of reference (stationary relative to the ground) and sees the car (and the passenger in it) moving relative to them.

Step4: Answer describing motion question

The motion of a ball rolling across the floor is two - dimensional (it moves along the surface of the floor in a flat plane). We can describe its motion using concepts like distance traveled along the floor, speed on the floor surface, and direction on the floor. A bird flying through the sky is three - dimensional motion. We need to consider its height above the ground, its horizontal position, and its direction in three - dimensional space. We can use concepts like altitude, horizontal displacement, and velocity vectors in 3D to describe its motion.

Step5: Answer types of forces question

When a book sliding across a table eventually stops, the forces acting on it are:

• Friction: Opposes the motion of the book and acts in the opposite direction of the book's motion. It slows down the book until it stops.
• Gravity: Pulls the book downwards towards the Earth. It does not directly affect the horizontal motion of the book but affects the normal force between the book and the table.
• Normal force: Acts perpendicular to the surface of the table, pushing the book upwards to balance the force of gravity. It does not affect the horizontal motion of the book in terms of speeding it up or slowing it down but is related to the friction force (friction is proportional to the normal force).

Answer:

Comparison chart filled as above.

1. A reference point is a fixed point used for comparison to determine motion or position.
2. Motion is relative, so reference points are needed to describe it.
3. Passengers in the car are in the same frame of reference, while the sidewalk - observer is in a different one.
4. Ball rolling is 2D motion, bird flying is 3D motion with different descriptive concepts.
5. Friction slows the book, gravity pulls it downwards, normal force balances gravity and is related to friction.