Question

question 8 (1 point)
(02.06 mc)
which of the following elements in the third period would you expect to have the most negative electron affinity value, and why?
a aluminum (al), because it is a metal with a large atomic radius
b chlorine (cl), because it is a halogen with a high effective nuclear charge
c silicon (si), because metalloids release the most energy when gaining electrons
d sodium (na), because alkali metals only have one electron in the outer energy level

question 9 (1 point)
(02.06 mc)
which of the following elements would you expect to have the highest ionization energy value, and why?
a chlorine (cl), because it has a low effective nuclear charge and large radius
b fluorine (f), because it has a large radius and naturally forms a negative ion
c lithium (li), because it has a small radius and naturally forms a positive ion
d neon (ne), because it has a high effective nuclear charge and small radius

question 10 (1 point)
(02.06 lc)
where are the most reactive metals located?
a upper left of periodic table
b lower left of periodic table
c upper right of periodic table
d lower right of periodic table

Explanation:

• Question 8: Electron affinity generally becomes more negative across a period. Halogens have high effective nuclear charges and readily accept electrons. Chlorine (Cl) is a halogen in the third - period. A high effective nuclear charge means it can attract an added electron more strongly, resulting in a more negative electron affinity value.
• Question 9: Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom. Noble gases have high effective nuclear charges and stable electron configurations. Neon (Ne) is a noble gas. Its high effective nuclear charge and small radius make it difficult to remove an electron, giving it a high ionization energy.
• Question 10: The most reactive metals are the alkali metals. As we move down a group and to the left across a period in the periodic table, metallic character increases. The lower - left of the periodic table contains elements with the lowest ionization energies, which are the most reactive metals.

Answer:

• Question 8: B. Chlorine (Cl), because it is a halogen with a high effective nuclear charge
• Question 9: D. Neon (Ne), because it has a high effective nuclear charge and small radius
• Question 10: B. Lower left of periodic table