questions results in a 20% deduction of points for not following directions). finished, take a photo and upload to canvas. then, pull up what you just pos make sure it is there and can easily be read. 1. what type of wave is a sound wave? 2. what wave characteristic changes if a sound gets louder? 3. what wave characteristic changes if a sound changes pitch? 4. when you hear music, you do not hear a single pure tone of a single pitch. a musical instrument does not make a single pitch. explain why this is important. 5. what is the unit for sound loudness? 6. explain the hreshold of hearing\ in your own words. 7. you hear you see a train in the distance and hear its whistle. if you heard the whistle 2.1 seconds after the conductor actually made it whistle, how far away is the train?

Question

questions results in a 20% deduction of points for not following directions). finished, take a photo and upload to canvas. then, pull up what you just pos make sure it is there and can easily be read. 1. what type of wave is a sound wave? 2. what wave characteristic changes if a sound gets louder? 3. what wave characteristic changes if a sound changes pitch? 4. when you hear music, you do not hear a single pure tone of a single pitch. a musical instrument does not make a single pitch. explain why this is important. 5. what is the unit for sound loudness? 6. explain the 	hreshold of hearing\ in your own words. 7. you hear you see a train in the distance and hear its whistle. if you heard the whistle 2.1 seconds after the conductor actually made it whistle, how far away is the train?

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
Sound waves require a medium (like air, water, solids) to travel and propagate by compressing and rarefying the medium, which is characteristic of longitudinal waves (particle motion parallel to wave direction).
# Answer:
A sound wave is a longitudinal wave (and also a mechanical wave as it needs a medium).

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
Loudness of sound is related to the amplitude of the sound wave. As sound gets louder, the amplitude (maximum displacement of particles in the medium) of the sound wave increases.
# Answer:
The wave characteristic that changes when a sound gets louder is the amplitude (or intensity, as intensity is related to amplitude squared and also affects loudness).

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
Pitch of sound is related to the frequency of the sound wave. Frequency is the number of wave cycles per unit time. When pitch changes (higher or lower), the frequency of the sound wave changes.
# Answer:
The wave characteristic that changes when a sound changes pitch is the frequency.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
Musical instruments produce complex waves (a combination of fundamental frequency and overtones/harmonics). Different overtones give instruments their unique timbre (sound quality). If there was only a single pitch (pure tone), all instruments would sound the same, and music would lack richness, variety, and the distinct sounds that allow us to distinguish instruments, melodies, and harmonies.
# Answer:
Musical instruments produce complex waves with a fundamental frequency and overtones. These overtones (harmonics) give each instrument its unique timbre (sound quality). A single pure tone would make all instruments sound identical, removing the richness, variety, and ability to distinguish different sounds, melodies, or instruments in music.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
The unit used to measure the loudness of sound (perceived intensity) is the decibel (dB). It is a logarithmic unit that measures the ratio of a sound's intensity to a reference intensity (threshold of hearing).
# Answer:
The unit for sound loudness (perceived) is the decibel (dB).

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
The threshold of hearing is the minimum intensity (or pressure amplitude) of a sound wave that the average human ear can detect. It's the quietest sound a person with normal hearing can perceive, typically at a frequency of 1000 Hz (for young adults) and is used as a reference (0 dB) for measuring sound levels.
# Answer:
The threshold of hearing is the softest (quietest) sound that a person with normal hearing can detect. It's the minimum intensity of a sound wave (at a specific frequency, like 1000 Hz) that the human ear can perceive, serving as a reference (0 dB) for sound intensity measurements.

### Question 7
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall the speed of sound
The speed of sound in air (at room temperature, approximately 20°C) is about $ v = 343 \, \text{m/s} $.
## Step2: Use the distance formula $ d = v \times t $
We know the time $ t = 2.1 \, \text{seconds} $ and speed $ v = 343 \, \text{m/s} $. Plugging into the formula: $ d = 343 \times 2.1 $.
## Step3: Calculate the distance
$ 343 \times 2.1 = 720.3 \, \text{meters} $ (if we use $ v = 340 \, \text{m/s} $ for approximation, $ d = 340 \times 2.1 = 714 \, \text{meters} $; the exact value depends on the assumed speed of sound, but 343 m/s is standard for 20°C).
# Answer:
Using $ v = 343 \, \text{m/s} $, the distance $ d = 343 \times 2.1 = 720.3 \, \text{m} $ (or ~714 m with $ v = 340 \, \text{m/s} $). So the train is approximately 720 meters (or 714 meters) away.

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