Question

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the bonding electrons in some molecules are not equally shared between the atoms. these neutral molecules with a difference of charge across the molecule are called polar molecules. because of the arrangement of the atoms and electrons in a water molecule, there are two differently charged areas of the molecule even though the molecule is neutral overall. the hydrogen molecules are slightly positive, while the oxygen is slightly negative. the positive area charge (hydrogen) of one water molecule is attracted to the negative area (oxygen) of a different water molecule. this weak attraction is often referred to as hydrogen bonding.

1. in the space below, draw 10 water molecules to create a cluster. be sure to indicate the hydrogen bonds that link the water molecules.

Explanation:

1. Water Molecule Structure: $\ce{H_2O}$ is polar (O=δ⁻, H=δ⁺) due to unequal electron sharing.
2. Hydrogen Bonding: Attraction between δ⁺ H (of one $\ce{H_2O}$) and δ⁻ O (of another $\ce{H_2O}$). Each O can H-bond with 2 H atoms; each H can H-bond with 1 O.
3. Cluster Formation: Arrange 10 $\ce{H_2O}$ molecules so H-bonds (dashed lines) connect the polar regions, creating a network. This mimics how water molecules cluster in liquid or solid states.

Answer:

To draw 10 water molecules forming a cluster with hydrogen bonds:

Step 1: Represent a Single Water Molecule

A water molecule ($\ce{H_2O}$) has a central oxygen (O, typically drawn as a larger black circle) with two hydrogen (H, smaller white circles) atoms bonded at an angle (≈104.5°). The O is slightly negative (δ⁻), and H atoms are slightly positive (δ⁺).

Step 2: Arrange Molecules to Show Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonds form between the δ⁺ H of one $\ce{H_2O}$ and the δ⁻ O of another. For 10 molecules:

• Start with a central $\ce{H_2O}$.
• Attach 2–3 neighboring $\ce{H_2O}$ molecules: draw dashed lines (---) between the δ⁺ H of one molecule and the δ⁻ O of another.
• Repeat, building a network: ensure each O (δ⁻) can form up to 2 hydrogen bonds (with H atoms of other molecules), and each H (δ⁺) forms 1 hydrogen bond (with an O of another molecule).
• Continue until 10 molecules are drawn, with dashed lines indicating hydrogen bonds between the δ⁺ H (white) of one $\ce{H_2O}$ and δ⁻ O (black) of a different $\ce{H_2O}$.

(Note: In the diagram, use the given style: black circles for O, white for H, solid lines for covalent bonds, dashed lines for hydrogen bonds. Space molecules so H-bonds are clear, and the cluster looks cohesive.)