Question

review: animal cells vs. plant cells

1. determine which organelles from the word bank are found in plant cells, animal cells and both.

write each organelle name in the correct part of the venn diagram.
word bank
nucleus cell wall cell membrane large central vacuole mitochondria chloroplasts
venn diagram with plant cell, both, animal cell

1. label the plant cell and animal cell below. then, explain your reasoning giving at least two reason

for how you decided.
two cell images: plant (hexagonal with cell wall, chloroplasts) and animal (round)

1. why are chloroplasts found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Explanation:

Question 6 Solution:

To solve this, we recall the organelles unique to plant cells, unique to animal cells, and common to both.

• Plant Cell (only): Organelles exclusive to plant cells. Plant cells have a cell wall (for structure), large central vacuole (for storage), and chloroplasts (for photosynthesis).
• Both (Plant and Animal): Organelles present in both. Nucleus (contains DNA), cell membrane (controls entry/exit), and mitochondria (energy production) are in both.
• Animal Cell (only): There are no organelles from the word bank unique only to animal cells here (the word bank doesn't have any like centrioles, but from given, animal cells don't have cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts).

So:

• Plant Cell: cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
• Both: nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
• Animal Cell: (none from the word bank are unique to animal cells here; but if we follow, since the others are plant - only or both, animal cell section would have no organelles from this word bank that are unique, but the Venn is structured to place what's unique. However, based on the word bank:
• Plant Cell: cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
• Both: nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
• Animal Cell: (since the word bank doesn't have animal - only organelles like centrioles, but in the given word bank, animal cells share the "both" ones and don't have the plant - only ones. So the animal cell circle (excluding the overlap) would have no organelles from this word bank that are unique to it, but we place the plant - only in plant, both in overlap, and since animal cells don't have the plant - only, the animal cell part (outside overlap) has none from the word bank that are unique to it. But for the Venn:

Step - by - Step (for Venn placement):

1. Identify Plant - Only Organelles:

Plant cells have cell wall (provides structure), large central vacuole (stores water/nutrients), chloroplasts (photosynthesis). So place cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts in the "Plant Cell" only section.

1. Identify Both Organelles:

Nucleus (genetic control), cell membrane (regulates transport), mitochondria (energy) are in both. Place nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria in the "Both" section.

1. Identify Animal - Only Organelles:

From the word bank, there are no organelles unique to animal cells (e.g., centrioles aren't in the word bank). So the "Animal Cell" only section has no organelles from this word bank.

Question 7 Solution:

To label the cells:

• The left cell (hexagonal, with cell wall, chloroplasts, large vacuole) is the Plant Cell.
• The right cell (round, no cell wall, no chloroplasts, small vacuoles) is the Animal Cell.

Reasoning:

1. Shape and Cell Wall: The left cell has a rigid, hexagonal shape (due to cell wall), while the right is round (no cell wall). Plant cells have a cell wall for structure; animal cells don't.
2. Chloroplasts/Vacuole: The left cell has chloroplasts (for photosynthesis) and a large central vacuole (for storage), which are plant - specific. The right cell has small vacuoles and no chloroplasts, typical of animal cells.

Question 8 Solution:

Chloroplasts are for photosynthesis (converting light energy to chemical energy, making glucose). Plants are autotrophs (make their own food), so they need chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis. Animals are heterotrophs (consume food), so they don't need to perform photosynthesis and thus don't have chloroplasts. Also, the structure of plant cells (with cell wall) supports housing chloroplasts, while animal cells lack the structural or functional need for them.

Step - by - Step (Explanation):

1. Function of Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis ($6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow[\text{Chlorophyll}]{\text{Light}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$).
2. Plant vs. Animal Nutrition: Plants are autotrophs (produce their own food via photosynthesis), so they need chloroplasts. Animals are heterotrophs (ingest food), so they don't need to photosynthesize and lack chloroplasts.
3. Structural/Functional Fit: Plant cells have a cell wall (rigid structure) that can support the large chloroplasts and the turgor pressure from the large vacuole, while animal cells (flexible, no cell wall) don't have this structural context or functional requirement for chloroplasts.

Final Answers (for each question):

Question 6 Venn Placement:

• Plant Cell (only): cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
• Both: nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
• Animal Cell (only): (none from the word bank)

Question 7 Labeling:

• Left cell: Plant Cell
• Right cell: Animal Cell
• Reasoning: 1. Left has cell wall (hexagonal shape), right is round (no cell wall). 2. Left has chloroplasts/large vacuole, right has small vacuoles/no chloroplasts.

Question 8 Answer:

Chloroplasts are for photosynthesis. Plants (autotrophs) need to make their own food via photosynthesis, so they have chloroplasts. Animals (heterotrophs) consume food and don’t perform photosynthesis, so they lack chloroplasts. Also, plant cell structure (cell wall) supports chloroplasts, while animal cells don’t need or have the structure for them.

Answer:

Chloroplasts are for photosynthesis (converting light energy to chemical energy, making glucose). Plants are autotrophs (make their own food), so they need chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis. Animals are heterotrophs (consume food), so they don't need to perform photosynthesis and thus don't have chloroplasts. Also, the structure of plant cells (with cell wall) supports housing chloroplasts, while animal cells lack the structural or functional need for them.

Step - by - Step (Explanation):

1. Function of Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carry out photosynthesis ($6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow[\text{Chlorophyll}]{\text{Light}} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$).
2. Plant vs. Animal Nutrition: Plants are autotrophs (produce their own food via photosynthesis), so they need chloroplasts. Animals are heterotrophs (ingest food), so they don't need to photosynthesize and lack chloroplasts.
3. Structural/Functional Fit: Plant cells have a cell wall (rigid structure) that can support the large chloroplasts and the turgor pressure from the large vacuole, while animal cells (flexible, no cell wall) don't have this structural context or functional requirement for chloroplasts.

Final Answers (for each question):

Question 6 Venn Placement:

• Plant Cell (only): cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplasts
• Both: nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria
• Animal Cell (only): (none from the word bank)

Question 7 Labeling:

• Left cell: Plant Cell
• Right cell: Animal Cell
• Reasoning: 1. Left has cell wall (hexagonal shape), right is round (no cell wall). 2. Left has chloroplasts/large vacuole, right has small vacuoles/no chloroplasts.

Question 8 Answer:

Chloroplasts are for photosynthesis. Plants (autotrophs) need to make their own food via photosynthesis, so they have chloroplasts. Animals (heterotrophs) consume food and don’t perform photosynthesis, so they lack chloroplasts. Also, plant cell structure (cell wall) supports chloroplasts, while animal cells don’t need or have the structure for them.