Question

review questions: outlining
directions: read the lesson and complete the outline below. refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
i. the election of 1912
a. theodore roosevelt formed the ____________ party when __________ won the republican nomination. both men ran against the democratic candidate ____________ .
b. roosevelt’s program to increase regulations of trusts and protect women and children was called ______________ .
c. wilson’s program to destroy monopolies and limit government power was called ______________ .
d. because republican voters were divided between two candidates, ______________ became the new president.
ii. wilson’s reforms
a. wilson signed the ____________ in 1913 that reduced tariffs and provided for levying an ____________ on the earnings of individuals.
b. wilson supported the ____________ , allowing the government to supervise the banking system and indirectly ____________ for the entire nation.
c. wilson asked congress to create the ____________ to monitor business. progressives in congress passed the ____________ , which outlawed practices that restricted competition.
iii. progressivism’s legacy and limits
a. examples of progressivism within the federal government include laws passed to ____________ and ____________ .
b. progressivism failed to address two types of discrimination: ____________ and ____________ .
c. to reduce discrimination, two organizations were founded: the ____________ and the ____________ .
summary and reflection
directions: summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.
how did the progressive philosophies of roosevelt and wilson differ?

Explanation:

All answers are based on key facts of the 1912 U.S. Election and Progressive Era reforms.

1. I. The Election of 1912:

• A. Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive (Bull Moose) Party after losing the Republican nomination to William Howard Taft; their Democratic opponent was Woodrow Wilson.
• B. Roosevelt's reform platform focused on trust regulation and worker protections, named the New Nationalism.
• C. Wilson's platform aimed at breaking monopolies and limiting government overreach, called the New Freedom.
• D. Split Republican votes let Wilson win the presidency.

1. II. Wilson's Reforms:

• A. The Underwood Tariff of 1913 cut tariffs and introduced a federal income tax.
• B. The Federal Reserve Act created a national banking oversight system and established a national currency supply.
• C. The Federal Trade Commission monitored business practices, and the Clayton Antitrust Act outlawed anti-competitive actions.

1. III. Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits:

• A. Federal Progressive laws focused on regulating business and protecting consumers/workers.
• B. Progressivism largely ignored racial and gender discrimination (excluding suffrage for most of the era).
• C. The NAACP (for racial equality) and NAWSA (for women's suffrage) were key organizations fighting discrimination.

1. Summary and Reflection: Roosevelt's New Nationalism supported a strong federal government to regulate big business and protect citizens, while Wilson's New Freedom favored breaking up monopolies to restore free market competition and limit federal power.

Answer:

I. The Election of 1912

A. Progressive (Bull Moose); William Howard Taft; Woodrow Wilson
B. New Nationalism
C. New Freedom
D. Woodrow Wilson

II. Wilson’s Reforms

A. Underwood Tariff; income tax
B. Federal Reserve Act; manage the money supply
C. Federal Trade Commission; Clayton Antitrust Act

III. Progressivism’s Legacy and Limits

A. regulate big business; protect consumers and workers
B. racial discrimination; gender discrimination
C. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Summary and Reflection

Roosevelt's New Nationalism advocated for a powerful federal government to regulate large corporations, protect workers, and expand social welfare, believing a strong government could balance corporate power. Wilson's New Freedom focused on breaking up monopolies entirely to restore free-market competition, and favored limiting federal power to avoid overreach, prioritizing small businesses and individual economic freedom over centralized regulation.