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Question
section: the geosphere
read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
if we consider the physical properties of each layer, instead of
chemistry, the earth can be divided into five layers. earths outer
layer is the lithosphere. it is a cool, rigid layer, 15 km to 300 km
thick, and includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. it is
divided into huge pieces called tectonic plates. the asthenosphere
is the layer beneath the lithosphere. the asthenosphere is a plastic,
solid layer of the mantle made of rock that flows very slowly and
allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. beneath the astheno-
sphere is the mesosphere, the lower part of the mantle.
the earths outer core is a dense liquid layer. at the center of
the earth is the dense, solid inner core, which is made up mostly
of the metals iron and nickel. the temperature of the inner core
is estimated to be between 4,000°c to 5,000°c. it is solid because
it is under enormous pressure. earths outer and inner core
together make up about one-third of earths mass.
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