Question

1. a small unit of matter is __________10. during boiling and ________ vaporization occurs.11. one factor that determines the amount of thermal energy found in a substance is ________12. a system is considered ________ when it doesn to exchange matter or energy with the environment.13. the particles ________ when the temperature decreases.14. the transfer of thermal energy when particles collide in matter is called ________15. chaning liquid into a gas is __________.

Explanation:

1. The fundamental small unit of matter is an atom, which makes up all substances.
2. Vaporization happens in two main forms: boiling (bulk, at boiling point) and evaporation (surface, below boiling point).
3. Thermal energy depends on factors like mass, temperature, and specific heat; temperature is a core determining factor.
4. A system that does not exchange matter or energy with its surroundings is defined as isolated.
5. Lowering temperature reduces particle kinetic energy, so particles slow down and move less.
6. Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through direct particle collisions in a material.
7. The phase change from liquid to gas is called vaporization (encompassing boiling and evaporation).

Answer:

1. an atom
2. evaporation
3. temperature (or mass/specific heat capacity)
4. isolated
5. slow down (or move less vigorously)
6. conduction
7. vaporization