Question

2.3 try it: operant conditioning
possible points: 100
match the following consequences to their type.
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment
jeffreys parents give him a $10 allowance if he completes all of his chores for the week.
marys parents take away her cell - phone because she wasnt completing her homework.
sallys teacher excuses her from a homework assignment since she got an a on her last test.
sallys teacher assigns him detention for being disrespectful during class.

Explanation:

1. Positive reinforcement involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase a behavior. Jeffrey getting a $10 allowance for doing chores is positive reinforcement as money (pleasant) is added for a desired behavior.
2. Negative reinforcement is removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior. No example given here clearly fits this as nothing is about removing something unpleasant to encourage an action.
3. Positive punishment is adding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior. No example here is positive punishment as nothing is about adding something unpleasant to stop a behavior.
4. Negative punishment is removing a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior. Mary's parents taking away her cell - phone for not doing homework is negative punishment as the phone (pleasant) is removed to stop the non - homework behavior. Also, Sally being excused from a homework assignment (removing an aversive) is negative reinforcement, and Billy being assigned detention (adding an aversive) is positive punishment.

Answer:

Positive reinforcement: Jeffrey's parents give him a $10 allowance if he completes all of his chores for the week.
Negative reinforcement: Sally's teacher excuses her from a homework assignment since she got an A on her last test.
Positive punishment: Billy's teacher assigns him detention for being disrespectful during class.
Negative punishment: Mary's parents take away her cell phone because she wasn't completing her homework.