Question

vocabulary review
review the chapter 17 vocabulary words listed in the study guide on page 463. match the words with the definitions below.

1. modern classification system using a two - word name
2. large taxon that contains similar classes
3. biological system of classification based on phylogeny
4. branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on their characteristics
5. branching diagram showing derived traits

understanding key concepts

1. which taxon contains the others?

a. family
b. species
c. order
d. phylum

1. unlike a pedigree, a cladogram ________.

a. shows ancestry
b. shows hypothesized phylogeny
c. indicates ancestry from two parents
d. explains relationships

1. which of the following pairs of terms are most closely related?

a. linnaeus—dna analysis
b. aristotle—binomial nomenclature
c. protist—prokaryote
d. taxonomy—classification

1. linnaeus based most of his classification system on ________.

a. cell organelles
b. biochemical comparisons
c. structural comparisons
d. embryology

1. a group of prokaryotes that often live in extreme environments is the ________.

a. archaebacteria
b. protists
c. eubacteria
d. fungi

Explanation:

1. In the taxonomic hierarchy, phylum is a higher - level taxon than family, order, and species. It contains multiple classes which in turn contain orders, families, and species.
2. A cladogram shows hypothesized evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) based on derived traits, while a pedigree shows ancestry from two parents.
3. Taxonomy is the science of classification, so they are closely related. Linnaeus predated DNA analysis, Aristotle did not develop binomial nomenclature, and protists are eukaryotes while prokaryotes are a different group.
4. Linnaeus based his classification system on structural comparisons of organisms.
5. Archaebacteria often live in extreme environments, while protists, eubacteria, and fungi do not typically have this characteristic.

Answer:

1. D. phylum
2. B. shows hypothesized phylogeny
3. D. taxonomy—classification
4. C. structural comparisons
5. A. archaebacteria