what is a surplus?
a) extra food beyond what is needed
b) a famine
c) a type of shelter
d) a trading system
which is an early farming village?
a) jericho
b) mohenjo-daro
c) babylon
d) rome
which of the following were benefits of farming? (select all that apply)
■ steady food supply
■ population growth
■ surplus storage
■ shorter workdays
which of the following were costs of farming? (select all that apply)
■ more disease
■ dependence on crops
■ easier physical labor
■ social inequality
why did population increase after farming began?
a) people lived shorter lives
b) surplus food supported more people
c) fewer children were born
d) everyone became nomads
what is job specialization?
a) everyone farms together
b) people do different jobs (weaving, toolmaking, etc.)
c) only the king works
d) farmers grow only one crop
why is the neolithic revolution considered a turning point?
a) it marked the beginning of written history

Question

Accepted Answer

### 1. What is a surplus?
# Brief Explanations:
A surplus is an amount that is more than what is needed or used. Option a says "Extra food beyond what is needed", which matches the definition of surplus. Option b (a famine) is a shortage, option c (a type of shelter) is unrelated, and option d (a trading system) is also unrelated.
# Answer:
a) Extra food beyond what is needed

### 2. Which is an early farming village?
# Brief Explanations:
Jericho is known as one of the earliest farming villages. Mohenjo - Daro was an urban center of the Indus Valley Civilization, Babylon was a later city - state, and Rome was a much later civilization.
# Answer:
a) Jericho

### 3. Which of the following were benefits of farming? (Select all that apply)
# Brief Explanations:
- **Steady food supply**: Farming allows for the cultivation of crops and domestication of animals, providing a more reliable food source compared to hunting and gathering.
- **Population growth**: With a steady food supply, people are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to population growth.
- **Surplus storage**: Farming can produce more food than is immediately needed, allowing for surplus to be stored for future use.
- **Shorter workdays**: This is incorrect. Farming, especially in early times, often required long hours of labor, and hunting - gathering groups might have had more flexible (but not necessarily shorter) work schedules in terms of food acquisition.
# Answer:
Steady food supply, Population growth, Surplus storage

### 4. Which of the following were costs of farming? (Select all that apply)
# Brief Explanations:
- **More disease**: Living in settled farming communities with close proximity to people and animals, and often poor sanitation in early times, led to the spread of more diseases.
- **Dependence on crops**: If crops failed due to drought, flood, or pests, the community would face food shortages as they were dependent on farming.
- **Easier physical labor**: This is incorrect. Farming involves tasks like plowing, planting, and harvesting which can be physically demanding.
- **Social inequality**: As farming produced surpluses, some people were able to accumulate more resources, leading to the development of social classes and inequality.
# Answer:
More disease, Dependence on crops, Social inequality

### 5. Why did population increase after farming began?
# Brief Explanations:
- Option a: People living shorter lives would not lead to population increase.
- Option b: Surplus food from farming meant that there was enough food to support more people, leading to better health and higher survival rates, thus population growth.
- Option c: Fewer children being born would decrease the population.
- Option d: Farming led to settled life, not nomadic life.
# Answer:
b) Surplus food supported more people

### 6. What is job specialization?
# Brief Explanations:
- Option a: Everyone farming together is communal farming, not job specialization.
- Option b: Job specialization is when people focus on different jobs or tasks, like weaving or toolmaking, to be more efficient.
- Option c: Only the king working is not job specialization.
- Option d: Farmers growing only one crop is crop specialization, not job specialization.
# Answer:
b) People do different jobs (weaving, toolmaking, etc.)

### 7. Why is the Neolithic Revolution considered a turning point? (Note: The options are cut off, but a common reason is that it marked the shift from hunting - gathering to farming and settled life, which led to the development of civilizations, social structures, etc. If we assume the first option "It marked the beginning of written history" is incorrect (written history began later, e.g., in Mesopotamia with cuneiform), but since the options are not fully shown, if we consider the common knowledge, the Neolithic Revolution is a turning point because it led to the development of agriculture, permanent settlements, and the basis for complex societies. However, based on the given first option, it is incorrect as written history started in the Bronze Age (e.g., Sumerian cuneiform). But without full options, we can't fully answer, but if we have to comment on the given option: Written history began after the Neolithic Revolution, during the Bronze Age (e.g., in Mesopotamia around 3200 BCE), while the Neolithic Revolution (around 10,000 - 4,000 BCE) was about the shift to farming. So the option "It marked the beginning of written history" is incorrect.

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Question

Explanation:

1. What is a surplus?

Answer:

2. Which is an early farming village?