Question

1. which protective brain structure do members of subphylum vertebrata have?

○ vertebrae
○ cranium
○ gills
○ teeth

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Vertebrae: Protect the spinal cord, not the brain.
• Cranium: Is the protective bony structure (or cartilaginous in some) that encloses and protects the brain in vertebrates.
• Gills: Are for respiration (in aquatic vertebrates), not brain protection.
• Teeth: Are for feeding, not brain protection.

So the cranium is the protective brain structure in Vertebrata.

Answer:

B. cranium (assuming the second option is labeled B; if the original labels were different, adjust, but based on the options, the correct one is "cranium" which is the second option here)