Question

(01.07 lc)
what technological advantage enabled the byzantines to stop arab attacks in the eighth century?
gunpowder
steel
greek fire
the saddle
question 30 (multiple choice worth 5 points)
(01.07 lc)
which two groups did the pope hope would restore unity by working together in the crusades?
arabs and turks
latins and turks

Explanation:

1. Greek fire was a Byzantine incendiary weapon that was highly effective at repelling Arab naval and land attacks in the 8th century, as it could burn on water and was difficult to extinguish.
2. The Pope launched the Crusades in part to heal the rift between the Western (Latin) and Eastern Orthodox branches of Christianity, hoping joint military action to recapture the Holy Land would restore religious unity. The partial options provided do not include the correct pair, but standard historical context confirms the intended groups are Western and Eastern Christians.

Answer:

1. Greek fire
2. (Note: The full options for Question 30 are cut off, but the intended correct answer is typically Latin (Western Christian) and Eastern Orthodox Christian groups; based on standard Crusades history, if the full options included "Latin Christians and Eastern Orthodox Christians", that would be the answer. From the partial options shown, neither "Arabs and Turks" nor "Latins and Turks" is correct.)