Question

1. what is the significance of the robert halderman case?
2. state the difference between class and individual evidence.
3. can class evidence be used to link a suspect with certainty to a victim of crime? can individual evidence?
4. explain how class evidence may be useful.
5. what is direct evidence?
6. where is physical evidence found and collected?
7. why is physical evidence important? what can it prove?
8. what is meant by a control sample?
9. how can class evidence be used to narrow a field of suspects?
10. explain how individualized evidence can have probative value.
11. explain how class evidence can have probative value.

Explanation:

1. The Robert H. Jackson case likely has significance in legal - precedent setting, case - law development, or as an example of legal principles in action.
2. Class evidence is evidence that can be associated with a group, while individual evidence can be linked to a single source. For example, a type of tire tread is class evidence, and a unique fingerprint is individual evidence.
3. Class evidence cannot link a suspect to a victim or crime with certainty as it is common to a group. Individual evidence can potentially link a suspect with certainty as it is unique to an individual.
4. Class evidence can be useful in eliminating suspects, narrowing down the type of perpetrator, or establishing a general context of the crime scene.
5. Direct evidence is evidence that directly proves a fact without the need for inference, such as an eyewitness account or a confession.
6. Physical evidence can be found at the crime scene, on the victim, or on the suspect. It is collected by trained forensic personnel using proper collection techniques and stored in a secure manner.
7. Physical evidence is important as it can prove or disprove facts in a case, establish a timeline, and link suspects, victims, and crime scenes. It can prove elements of a crime such as the presence of a suspect at the scene.
8. A control sample is a sample of known origin and composition used for comparison with evidence samples in forensic analysis, ensuring accuracy of results.
9. Class evidence can be used to narrow a field of suspects by eliminating those who do not match the characteristics of the evidence associated with the crime, like eliminating suspects who drive cars with a different type of tire tread found at the scene.
10. Individualized evidence has probative value because it is unique to an individual. For example, a DNA profile can strongly link a suspect to a crime scene as the probability of another person having the exact same DNA is extremely low.
11. Class evidence can have probative value by providing context and narrowing down possibilities. For instance, if a certain type of paint is found at a crime scene and a suspect has that type of paint on their tools, it can be part of the overall case - building process.

Answer:

1. Significance depends on case details for legal development.
2. Class: group - associated; Individual: single - source - linked.
3. Class: No; Individual: Yes.
4. Eliminates suspects, sets context.
5. Proves fact without inference.
6. Found at scene, on victim/suspect; Collected by trained personnel.
7. Proves/disproves facts, links elements.
8. Known - origin sample for comparison.
9. Eliminates non - matching suspects.
10. Uniqueness gives strong link.
11. Provides context, aids case - building.