Question

1. what is the largest particle that can be transported by a stream moving at 01 cm/s? - pebbles
2. during heavy rainfall, a streams velocity increases from 5 cm/s to 100 cm/s. which new types of particles could the stream begin to carry? -
3. youre on a hike, and most of the sediment you see in a river are cobbles and pebbles. are you likely towards the beginning or end of the river? explain why you think that. -

streambed & erosion application

1. where would you expect to find larger particles—on the inside or outside of a river bend? explain why. -
2. if the stream velocity is faster on the outer curve of a meander, which particles are likely to remain in motion there? -
3. why does silt and clay settle on the inner bank while pebbles and sand are found on the outer bank of a bend? -
4. during a flood, the stream velocity increases sharply. what changes in particle size might you observe along the streambed? -
5. if the velocity of a stream drops rapidly after a storm, which particles will settle first, and why? -
6. how does increased stream velocity affect the streams ability to erode particles? -
7. what types of particles are most easily eroded when the stream velocity is low? -
8. why are larger particles harder to erode even in fast - moving sections of a stream? -
9. how does stream velocity affect the depth and shape of a streambed over time? -
10. if the velocity of a stream increases from 10 cm/s to 100 cm/s, how will the rate of erosion change? -

additional practice questions

1. why do larger particles, such as boulders, require a higher stream velocity to be transported compared to smaller particles, like sand? -
2. why might silt and clay require a slightly higher velocity than you might expect, despite their small size? -
3. how might a flood, which increases stream velocity, affect the size of particles transported by a river? -

Explanation:

1. Stream - bed & Erosion Application

• Larger particles are on the inside of a river - bend because the water velocity is lower there, causing larger particles to settle.
• On the outer curve of a meander with faster stream velocity, smaller and more mobile particles like sand and silt are likely to remain in motion as the water has enough energy to carry them.
• Silt and clay settle on the inner bank as the slower - moving water there lacks the energy to carry them, while pebbles and sand are found on the outer bank where the faster - moving water can transport them.
• During a flood, with increased stream velocity, larger particles that were previously immobile can be transported, so the size of particles along the streambed will increase.
• When the stream velocity drops rapidly after a storm, larger particles will settle first because they have greater mass and are more affected by gravity.
• Increased stream velocity increases the stream's ability to erode particles as it has more kinetic energy to dislodge and carry them.
• When the stream velocity is low, fine particles like silt and clay are most easily eroded as they require less energy to be lifted and carried.
• Larger particles are harder to erode even in fast - moving sections because they have greater mass and require more energy to be dislodged from the streambed.
• Stream velocity affects the depth and shape of a streambed over time. Faster velocities cause more erosion, deepening and widening the streambed, while slower velocities lead to deposition and shallowing.
• If the velocity of a stream increases from 10 cm/s to 100 cm/s, the rate of erosion will increase significantly as the kinetic energy of the water increases with the square of the velocity.

1. Additional Practice Questions

• Larger particles like boulders require a higher stream velocity to be transported compared to smaller particles like sand because they have greater mass and more inertia, so more force (higher velocity) is needed to move them.
• Silt and clay might require a slightly higher velocity than expected despite their small size because they can clump together due to cohesive forces, increasing their effective mass and making them harder to transport.
• A flood that increases stream velocity will allow the river to transport larger particles, so the size of particles transported by the river will increase.

Answer:

1. Stream - bed & Erosion Application

• 1. Inside, due to lower velocity.
• 2. Smaller particles like sand and silt.
• 3. Inner bank has slower water, outer bank has faster water for transport.
• 4. Particle size will increase.
• 5. Larger particles, due to greater mass.
• 6. Increases as more kinetic energy.
• 7. Fine particles like silt and clay.
• 8. Greater mass and inertia.
• 9. Faster velocities erode more, change depth and shape.
• 10. Rate of erosion will increase significantly.

1. Additional Practice Questions

• 1. Greater mass and inertia.
• 2. Cohesive forces cause clumping, increasing effective mass.
• 3. Size of particles transported will increase.