Question

1. the product of decarboxylation of ch₃ch₂ch₂coona is

a. propanoic acid.
b. propene.
c. butane.
d. propane.

1. if a heavy - metal has an unstable nucleus, the instability could be reduced by

i. making neutrons and protons approximately equal
ii. increasing its nuclear size
iii. making the nuclide undergo decay
a. i and ii only
b. ii and iii only
c. i and iii only
d. i, ii and iii

1. the process involved in the production of ethanol from sugarcane is

a. esterification.
b. neutralization.
c. fermentation.
d. saponification.

Explanation:

Question 14

Step1: Understand decarboxylation

Decarboxylation of a carboxylate salt ($R - COONa$) removes the $-COO$ group as $CO_2$ and forms a hydrocarbon. For $CH_3CH_2CH_2COONa$, when decarboxylation occurs, $CO_2$ is lost and propane ($CH_3CH_2CH_3$) is formed.

Question 15

Step1: Analyze nuclear stability

For heavy - metal nuclei, making neutrons and protons approximately equal can help in reducing instability (I). Increasing nuclear size does not reduce instability (II is incorrect). Making the nuclide undergo decay can change its composition and reduce instability (III). So, I and III are correct.

Question 16

Step1: Recall sugar - to - ethanol process

The production of ethanol from sugarcane is a fermentation process where sugar (sucrose) is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast. Esterification is the formation of esters, neutralization is an acid - base reaction, and saponification is the hydrolysis of esters to form soaps.

Answer:

1. D. propane
2. C. I and III only
3. C. fermentation