Question

9–20: should you believe this study? based solely on the information given, do you have reason to question the results or the methods used in the following hypothetical studies? explain your reasoning.

1. a survey of hourly wages of fast - food workers in a large city samples 20 workers from each of ten fast - food restaurants.

1. an experimental, double - anonymous study investigates whether people who skip lunch are more likely to feel tired in the afternoon.

1. a study by the liberal center for american progress is designed to assess a new republican budget plan.

1. a study financed by a major pharmaceutical company is intended to determine whether its new high blood pressure drug is more effective than similar drugs of competing...

Explanation:

Question 9

The sampling method may be biased. By sampling 20 workers from each of ten specific fast - food restaurants, it doesn't account for all fast - food workers in the large city. There could be different wage structures in other restaurants not included, and this non - random (or non - representative) sampling might not reflect the true distribution of hourly wages of all fast - food workers.

A double - anonymous experimental study on whether skipping lunch causes afternoon tiredness is methodologically sound in terms of reducing bias (double - anonymous helps with blinding). However, there are many confounding factors like sleep quality, overall diet, or work stress that could affect afternoon tiredness and are not controlled. But just from the method description (double - anonymous experiment), the main issue is confounding variables, but the method itself (double - anonymous) is a good practice. Wait, actually, the problem is about whether to question the results/methods. The method is experimental and double - anonymous, which is good, but the study of "skipping lunch" and "afternoon tiredness" has confounding factors. But maybe the main point here is that the method is okay? Wait, no, maybe I misread. Wait, the study is experimental, double - anonymous. But to study if skipping lunch causes tiredness, an experimental design would need to randomly assign people to skip or not skip lunch, but the problem says "people who skip lunch" (maybe observational? Wait, the problem says "experimental, double - anonymous study investigates whether people who skip lunch...". Wait, if it's experimental, they should be manipulating the lunch - skipping. If it's observational (looking at people who already skip lunch), then it's not[SSE Completed, Client Connection Error][SSE Completed, Client Connection Error][LLM SSE On Failure]

Answer:

Yes, we have reason to question. The sample is from only ten specific restaurants, not representative of all fast - food workers in the large city, so the results may be biased.

Question 10