Question

2025 quiz chapter(s) 19 -20

1. which one of the following is not an appropriate treatment for emts to provide to a patient who has a hematologic disorder?

a. analgesics for pain
b. support of symptoms
c. high -flow oxygen therapy at 12 to 15 l/min
d. rapid transport

1. which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is correct?

a) hiv is far more contagious than hepatitis b and is easily transmitted in the health care setting.
b) the risk of hiv infection is high, even if an infected person’s blood comes in contact with your intact skin.
c) the risk of hiv infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream.
d) most patients who are infected with hiv experience chronic symptoms that vary in duration and severity.

1. you and your emt partner arrive at the residence of a 50 -year -old man who complains of weakness. your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. the closest hospital is 25 miles away. you should:

a) perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly.
b) manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an als unit.
c) administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible.
d) load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en -route to the hospital

1. you have just completed your primary assessment of a 48 -year -old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. the patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. as you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated, and he is now bradycardic. you should:

a) continue with your secondary assessment.
b) prepare the patient for immediate transport.
c) insert a nasal airway and assist his breathing.
d) request an als unit to respond to the scene.

1. a 28 -year -old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. she further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. based on this patient’s clinical presentation, you should suspect that she:

a) is significantly hyperglycemic.
b) has a low blood glucose level.
c) has a urinary tract infection.
d) has overdosed on her insulin.

1. classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

a) warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations.
b) cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.
c) warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations.
d) cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger; and deep, rapid respirations.

Explanation:

1. EMTs do not typically provide high - flow oxygen at 12 - 15 L/min without proper indication for hematologic disorders. Analgesics for pain, symptom support, and rapid transport can be appropriate.
2. HIV is less contagious than hepatitis B in the healthcare setting. The risk of infection is low with contact of infected blood on intact skin. The greatest risk is when deposited on a mucous membrane or in the bloodstream. Most patients do not have chronic symptoms immediately.
3. For a critically ill patient, manage airway, breathing, and circulation first and consider ALS backup while preparing for rapid transport.
4. Deteriorating mental status and bradycardia in a patient with chest pain are signs of a serious condition. Immediate transport is needed.
5. Excessive urination and worsening condition in a type 1 diabetic with difficulty controlling blood sugar likely indicate hyperglycemia.
6. Classic signs of hypoglycemia include cool, clammy skin, weakness, tachycardia, and rapid respirations.

Answer:

1. C. High - flow oxygen therapy at 12 to 15 L/min
2. C. The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream.
3. B. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.
4. B. prepare the patient for immediate transport.
5. A. is significantly hyperglycemic.
6. B. cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations.