Question

1. distinguish between the following tools to study the brain: lesion case study (phineas gage): eeg: meg: ct scan: pet scan: mri: *fmri:

Explanation:

• Lesion Case Study (Phineas Gage): Involves studying behavioral - cognitive changes due to brain damage. Phineas Gage's case helped understand frontal - lobe functions.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Records electrical activity of the brain via electrodes on the scalp. Good for detecting seizures and brain - wave patterns during sleep and wakefulness.
• MEG (Magnetoencephalography): Measures magnetic fields produced by electrical currents in the brain. High temporal resolution, useful for studying neural activity in real - time.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Uses X - rays to create cross - sectional images of the brain. Shows bone, blood, and large structural abnormalities well.
• PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): Detects metabolic activity in the brain by using radioactive tracers. Helps in studying brain function, like glucose metabolism in different regions.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed anatomical images of the brain. Excellent for visualizing soft - tissue structures.
• fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Measures changes associated with blood flow in the brain to map brain activity. Useful for understanding which brain regions are active during specific tasks.

Answer:

• Lesion Case Study (Phineas Gage): Studying brain - behavior link via damage.
• EEG: Records brain electrical activity.
• MEG: Measures brain magnetic fields.
• CT Scan: Creates X - ray based brain images.
• PET Scan: Detects brain metabolic activity.
• MRI: Produces detailed brain anatomical images.
• fMRI: Maps brain activity based on blood - flow changes.