Question

49 mark for review
samuel became ill after eating pepperoni pizza and refuses to eat it now. however, he still enjoys plain pizza. samuels eating behavior illustrates
a negative reinforcement
b discrimination
c shaping
d generalization

Explanation:

• Negative reinforcement involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase a behavior, which does not match Samuel's avoidance of only pepperoni pizza.
• Discrimination in conditioning means responding differently to similar stimuli: Samuel avoids pepperoni pizza (the stimulus linked to illness) but accepts plain pizza, showing he can distinguish between the two similar stimuli.
• Shaping is reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior, which is not relevant here.
• Generalization would involve avoiding all pizza (similar stimuli) after the negative experience, but Samuel still eats plain pizza, so this does not apply.

Answer:

B. discrimination