Question

acids and bases
the degree of acidity or alkalinity (basic) is important in organisms. the body must constantly maintain a near - neutral ph (7) in the blood and body tissues. to do this, the body produces buffers that can neutralize acids. acidic and basic conditions in the body occur due to different metabolic (chemical) reactions taking place throughout the body.

1. what does alkalinity mean?
2. what ph must organisms maintain?
3. what characteristic of life would maintaining this balance be?
4. what chemicals does the body produce to keep neutral ph?
5. buffers ____________ acids in the body.
6. acidic and basic conditions occur due to ____________ reactions in the body.

water is one of the most important molecules in the body. cells are made mostly of water and water is required for almost every metabolic reaction in the body. the force of attraction between water molecules is so strong that the oxygen atom of one molecule can actually remove the hydrogen from other water molecules. this reaction is known as dissociation, and it takes place in our cells. water (h2o) dissociates into h+ and oh - ions. a charged atom or molecule is called an ion. the oh - ion is called the hydroxide ion, while the h+ ion is called the hydrogen ion. free h+ ions can react with another water molecule to form the h3o+ or hydronium ion. the human body requires a neutral ph for many reasons. one reason cells like a neutral ph is for proteins. basic or acidic solutions denature proteins (change their shape) so they no longer work.
dissociation of water

1. what is dissociation?
2. what is the chemical formula for water?
3. what is an ion?
4. name the 2 ions form when water dissociates.
5. what is the hydroxide ion?
6. what is a hydrogen ion?
7. what is the hydronium ion and its formula?

acidity or alkalinity is a measure of the relative amount of h+ and oh - ions dissolved in a solution. neutral solutions have an equal number of h+ and oh - ions. acids have more h3o+ ions (h+) than oh - ions. acids taste sour and can be corrosive. digestive fluids in the body are acidic and must be neutralized by buffers. bases contain more oh - ions than h3o+ ions. bases taste bitter and feel slippery.
acids & bases
hydrochloric acid

sodium hydroxide

1. how do you measure for acidity or alkalinity?
2. what is a neutral solution?
3. acids have more __________ ions and taste __________. and can be
4. bases contain more __________ ions than __________ ions.

Explanation:

1. Alkalinity refers to the state of being alkaline, having a higher pH (above 7), indicating a relatively high - concentration of hydroxide (OH⁻) ions.
2. Organisms must maintain a near - neutral pH of 7 in the blood and body tissues.
3. Maintaining this balance is a characteristic of homeostasis, which is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.
4. The body produces buffers to keep a neutral pH.
5. Buffers neutralize acids in the body.
6. Acidic and basic conditions occur due to metabolic (chemical) reactions in the body.
7. Dissociation is the process by which a molecule breaks apart into ions. For example, water dissociates into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
8. The chemical formula for water is H₂O.
9. An ion is a charged atom or molecule.
10. When water dissociates, it forms hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
11. The hydroxide ion is OH⁻.
12. A hydrogen ion is H⁺.
13. The hydronium ion is H₃O⁺. It is formed when a hydrogen ion (H⁺) combines with a water molecule (H₂O).
14. Acidity or alkalinity is measured using pH.
15. A neutral solution has an equal number of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
16. Acids have more H⁺ ions and taste sour and can be corrosive.
17. Bases contain more OH⁻ ions than H⁺ ions.

Answer:

1. The state of being alkaline, having a relatively high - concentration of hydroxide (OH⁻) ions.
2. Near - neutral pH of 7.
3. Homeostasis.
4. Buffers.
5. Neutralize.
6. Metabolic (chemical).
7. The process by which a molecule breaks apart into ions.
8. H₂O.
9. A charged atom or molecule.
10. Hydrogen ions (H⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
11. OH⁻.
12. H⁺.
13. H₃O⁺.
14. Using pH.
15. A solution with an equal number of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.
16. H⁺, sour, corrosive.
17. OH⁻, H⁺.