Question

all of the following are phenomena that break traditional rules of conditioning except _______.
a. phobias
b. taste aversion
c. learned helplessness
d. effects of reinforcement

please select the best answer from the choices provided

a
b
c
d

Explanation:

• Phobias can form through conditioning in ways that deviate from traditional rules (e.g., overgeneralization or rapid acquisition).
• Taste aversion is a form of conditioning that breaks traditional rules (e.g., long delay between CS and US can still form an aversion).
• Learned helplessness involves a breakdown of traditional conditioning processes (organisms stop responding even when reinforcement is possible).
• Effects of reinforcement follow traditional conditioning rules (reinforcement is used to increase behavior, consistent with operant conditioning principles). So it does not break traditional conditioning rules.

Answer:

D. effects of reinforcement